Phobos-Grunt: Russian sample return mission

As an important milestone in the exploration of Mars and small bodies, a new generation space vehicle “Phobos-Grunt” is planned to be launched by the Russian Aviation and Space Agency. The project is optimized around a Phobos sample return mission and follow up missions targeted to study some main asteroid belt bodies, NEOs and short period comets. The principal constraint is use of the “Soyuz-Fregat” rather than the “Proton” launcher to accomplish these challenging goals. The vehicle design incorporates innovative SEP technology involving electrojet engines that allowed us to increase significantly the mission's energetic capabilities, as well as highly autonomous on-board systems. Basic criteria underlining the “Phobos-Grunt” mission scenario, scientific objectives and rationale including Mars observations during the vehicle's insertion into Mars orbit and Phobos approach maneuvers, are discussed and an opportunity for international cooperation is suggested.     

MESSENGER Mission Design and Navigation

Nearly three decades after the Mariner 10 spacecraft’s third and final targeted Mercury flyby, the 3 August 2004 launch of the MESSENGER (MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging) spacecraft began a new phase of exploration of the closest planet to our Sun. In order to ensure that the spacecraft had sufficient time for pre-launch testing, the NASA Discovery Program mission to orbit Mercury experienced launch delays that required utilization of the most complex of three possible mission profiles in 2004. During the 7.6-year mission, the spacecraft’s trajectory will include six planetary flybys (including three of Mercury between January 2008 and September 2009), dozens of trajectory-correction maneuvers (TCMs), and a year in orbit around Mercury. Members of the mission design and navigation teams optimize the spacecraft’s trajectory, specify TCM requirements, and predict and reconstruct the spacecraft’s orbit. These primary mission design and navigation responsibilities are closely coordinated with spacecraft design limitations, operational constraints, availability of ground-based tracking stations, and science objectives. A few days after the spacecraft enters Mercury orbit in mid-March 2011, the orbit will have an 80° inclination relative to Mercury’s equator, a 200-km minimum altitude over 60°N latitude, and a 12-hour period. In order to accommodate science goals that require long durations during Mercury orbit without trajectory adjustments, pairs of orbit-correction maneuvers are scheduled every 88 days (once per Mercury year).     

Mission decision-making method of multi-aircraft cooperatively attacking multi-target based on game theoretic framework

Coordinated mission decision-making is one of the core steps to effectively exploit the capabilities of cooperative attack of multiple aircrafts. However, the situational assessment is an essential base to realize the mission decision-making. Therefore, in this paper, we develop a mission decision-making method of multi-aircraft cooperatively attacking multi-target based on situational assessment. We have studied the situational assessment mathematical model based on the Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidence theory and the mission decision-making mathematical model based on the game theory. The proposed mission decision-making method of antagonized airfight is validated by some simulation examples of a swarm of unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs) that carry out the mission of the suppressing of enemy air defenses (SEAD).     

启发式深空探测器任务规划方法

针对深空探测器的任务规划过程特点,考虑约束的数值特性,提出一种基于规划活动相关度的领域无关启发式规划方法。定义了活动的相关度,结合规划过程,给出自学习式的相关度动态更新过程。设计基于相关度的活动选择机制,形成启发式规划算法。数值计算结果表明,文中提出的方法有效地减少了规划过程中规划步数和回溯步数,提高了深空探测器规划的效率。     

Flight trajectory optimization of sun-tracking solar aircraft under the constraint of mission region

The optimal yawing angle of sun-tracking solar aircraft is tightly related to the solar azimuth angle, which results in a large arc flight path to dynamically track the sun position. However, the limited detection range of payload usually requires solar aircraft to loiter over areas of interest for persistent surveillance missions. The large arc sun-tracking flight may cause the target area on the ground to be outside the maximum coverage area of payload. The present study therefore develops an optimal flight control approach for planning the flight path of sun-tracking solar aircraft within a mission region. The proposed method enables sun-tracking solar aircraft to maintain the optimal yawing angle most of the time during daylight flight, except when the aircraft reverses its direction by turning flight. For a circular region with a mission radius of 50 km, the optimal flight trajectory and controls of an example Λ-shaped sun-tracking solar aircraft are investigated theoretically. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach to optimize the flight path of the sun-tracking aircraft under the given circular region while maximizing the battery input power. Furthermore, the effects of varying the mission radius on energy performance are explored numerically. It has been proved that both net energy and energy balance remain nearly constant as the radius constraint varies, which enables the solar aircraft to achieve perpetual flight at almost the same latitude as the large arc flight. The method and results presented in this paper can provide reference for the persistent operation of sun-tracking solar aircraft within specific mission areas.     

Entropy based inverse design of aircraft mission success space in system-of-systems confrontation

This paper presents a practical and efficient design method for aircraft Mission Success Space (MSS) based on the entropy measurement (EM). First, fundamentals regarding MSS, Inverse Design (ID) and entropy are discussed. Then, two EM schemes of entropy-based ID and the whole MSS ID procedure are given to demonstrate alternative ways of entropy quantification and MSS design. After that, Genetic Algorithm (GA) is utilized as a search algorithm to find the optimal MSS design with the minimum objective, entropy, in each EM scheme. A simulation case of aircraft penetration mission is given for the method validation where the best aircraft MSS design is obtained by GA according to the minimum entropy. Results from two schemes are compared at the end.     

空间在轨服务技术发展综述

空间技术的飞速发展促使空间在轨服务技术成为了一个新的、独立的研究方向，传统的、以航天飞机为代表的空间在轨服务成为了今后这个方向的发展基础，并在此基础上出现了空间自主在轨服务技术，它以成本低、风险小、隐蔽性高、军事利用价值强等特点，成为了未来空间技术新的研究热点。介绍了空间在轨服务技术的概念、任务和研究现状，分析了其发展趋势和关键技术，并着重分析了空间自主在轨服务中的自主控制技术。     

某型无人机机载任务管理计算机设计

某型无人机系统具有多挂载能力,能同时挂载多种任务载荷.为了统一管理和综合使用多个任务载荷,通过分析机载任务设备接口的类型和通信需求,设计一种具有接入现有设备能力的任务管理计算机.该机采用成熟的插卡式集成设计方式,具备较好的使用灵活性和功能扩展能力.通过该任务管理计算机可实现对任务载荷设备的控制,对遥控、遥测、载机状态数据的管理,以及授时同步功能.任务管理计算机对任务载荷设备的综合管理,能够提高无人机任务载荷的集成能力,减少了任务载荷与载机平台之间的交联关系,使任务载荷系统更加独立,降低了任务载荷系统对飞行平台安全的影响.     

共面圆轨道航天器在轨服务任务规划

为了降低"一对多"在轨服务的成本,以共面圆轨道卫星群为研究对象,开展了在轨服务任务规划问题的研究。首先,对"一对多"在轨服务任务场景进行了分析,建立了任务规划数学模型,将其简化为包含内层Lambert问题、外层最优时间分配问题的双层优化模型。然后,给出了任务规划求解方法及流程,提出采用工程图解法的思想求解内层多圈Lambert问题,采用遗传算法求解外层最优时间分配问题。最后,以三个目标航天器为例,针对限制和不限制在轨服务任务完成总时间这两种情况,采用上述方法进行求解,计算结果验证了方法的有效性。     

航天器自主任务规划修复技术研究进展

结合航天器自主能力发展的迫切需求,阐述了航天器自主任务规划修复的必要性和难点。给出了航天器自主任务规划修复技术、航天器任务规划稳定性和规划修复问题的定义。根据规划执行失败时采用的修复策略,将自主任务规划修复技术分为规则匹配型、局部调整型、删除/求精型、状态转移型和构造新问题型五类。重点归纳了各类自主任务规划修复技术的研究进展和特点,分析了规划稳定性的定量评价方法。并在对目前任务规划修复方法总结分析的基础上,给出了未来航天器自主任务规划修复技术的研究方向建议。