高超声速边界层转捩机理及应用的若干进展回顾

高超声速边界层转捩对飞行器的热传递、表面摩阻和流动分离等有重要影响,尤其是再入飞行器和吸气式巡航飞行器。然而,人们对边界层转捩机理中的很多问题认识还不清楚,或存在争议。本文从扰动波演化的角度回顾了高超声速边界层感受性、线性稳定性和非线性作用的国内若干研究进展,并以基于谐波共振的人工转捩技术为例示范了这些机理认识在转捩控制上的应用。扰动的产生和发展是认识边界层转捩机理的核心。通过研究扰动波来认识边界层转捩机理,开展应用创新研究对提升飞行器性能具有重要意义。     

Ionospheric TEC disturbances over China during the strong geomagnetic storm in September 2017

From September 7 to 8, 2017, a G4-level strong geomagnetic storm occurred, which seriously impacted on the Earth’s ionosphere. In this work, the global ionospheric maps released by Chinese Academy of Sciences are used to investigate the ionospheric responses over China and its adjacent regions during the strong storm. The prominent TEC enhancements, which mainly associated with the neutral wind and eastward prompt penetration electric field, are observed at equatorial ionization anomaly crests during the main phase of the storm on 8 September 2017. Compared with those on 8 September, the TEC enhancements move to lower-latitude regions during the recovery phase on 9 September. A moderate storm occurred well before the start of the strong storm causes similar middle-latitude TEC enhancements on 7 September. However, the weak TEC depletion is observed at middle and low latitude on 9–10 September, which could be associated with the prevailing westward disturbance electric field or storm-time neural composition changes. In addition, the storm-time RMS and STD values of the ionospheric TEC grids over China increase significantly due to the major geomagnetic storm. The maximum of the RMS reaches 12.0 TECU, while the maximum of the STD reaches 8.3 TECU at ~04UT on 8 September.     

Neural adaptive control for a ground experiment of the space proximity operation in a six-degree-of-freedom micro-gravity simulation system

In this study, a neural adaptive controller is developed for a ground experiment with a spacecraft proximity operation. As the water resistance in the experiment is highly nonlinear and can significantly affect the fidelity of the ground experiment, the water resistance must be estimated accurately and compensated using an active force online. For this problem, a novel control algorithm combined with Chebyshev Neural Networks (CNN) and an Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) is proposed. Specifically, the CNN algorithm is used to estimate the water resistance. The advantage of the CNN estimation is that the coefficients of the approximation can be adaptively changed to minimize the estimation error. Combined with the ADRC algorithm, the total disturbance is compensated in the experiment to improve the fidelity. The dynamic model of the spacecraft proximity maneuver in the experiment is established. The ground experiment of the proximity maneuver that considers an obstacle is provided to verify the efficiency of the proposed controller. The results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the pure ADRC method and can achieve close-to-real-time performance for the spacecraft proximity maneuver.     

Identification of seismic activity sources on the subsatellite track by ionospheric plasma disturbances detected with the Sich-2 onboard probes

Using a cylindrical Langmuir probe and the authors’ proprietary two-channel pressure transducer, ionospheric plasma parameter distributions along the orbit of the Sich-2 satellite (Ukraine, 2011–2012) were measured. This paper is concerned with identifying the space–time location of ionospheric plasma disturbance sources, including the epicenters of actual earthquakes (before or during the satellite flyover) and incipient earthquakes on the subsatellite track, from the measured distributions of the electron density and temperature and the neutral particle temperature along the satellite orbit. To do this, the measured ionospheric plasma parameter distributions are connected to the coordinates on the subsatellite track.It is shown that local disturbances in the electron density and temperature and neutral particle temperature distributions in the satellite orbit in the ionosphere may serve as indicators of seismic activity on the subsatellite track. The epicenters of incipient earthquakes may be set off from other plasma parameter disturbance sources associated with seismic activity using information provided by special monitoring and survey centers that monitor the current seismic situation.     

Backstepping sliding-mode control of stratospheric airships using disturbance-observer

In the presence of unknown disturbances and model parameter uncertainties, this paper develop a nonlinear backstepping sliding-mode controller (BSMC) for trajectory tracking control of a stratospheric airship using a disturbance-observer (DO). Compared with the conventional sliding mode surface (SMS) constructed by a linear combination of the errors, the new SMS manifold is selected as the last back-step error to improve independence of the adjustment of the controller gains. Furthermore, a nonlinear disturbance-observer is designed to process unknown disturbance inputs and improve the BSMC performances. The closed-loop system of trajectory tracking control plant is proved to be globally asymptotically stable by using Lyapunov theory. By comparing with traditional backstepping control and SMC design, the results obtained demonstrate the capacity of the airship to execute a realistic trajectory tracking mission, even in the presence of unknown disturbances, and aerodynamic coefficient uncertainties.     

强磁场扰动对宇宙线调制的统计研究

对1978─1982太阳活动高年时发生的激波、强磁场扰动及激波与强磁场扰动共存这三类事件引起的宇宙线变化进行了统计研究,得到如下结果:(1)激波与强磁场扰动共存时引起的宇宙线强度下降最为显着;只有激波或强磁场扰动时,宇宙线的强度变化相对较小;(2)标志速度间断的激波是产生宇宙线Forbush下降的重要因素;(3)速度间断在强磁场扰动对宇宙线的调制中可能起一个触发的作用。      

基于LADRC的无人机高精度定高控制

针对复杂气流扰动对无人机（UAV）航迹高度控制的影响,对存在复杂气流扰动下的定高控制策略、控制结构和控制器参数优化展开研究,实现高精度高度控制。基于线性自抗扰控制（LADRC）确定总体控制架构,设计扩张状态观测器（ESO）观测估计纵向高度通道和速度通道中存在的总扰动,在控制中引入扰动补偿,减小扰动对系统输出造成的影响。对UAV在飞行过程中存在的大气紊流扰动或离散突风等风干扰分析其功率谱密度,构造考虑风扰动对高度影响、时域响应特性和稳定裕度的综合目标函数,通过粒子群优化算法得到具有高精度、高抗干扰性能的控制器参数,优化中考虑风干扰的功率谱密度分布,减小了控制器参数设计的保守性。通过与常规比例-积分-微分（PID）控制器控制效果进行对比,说明基于线性自抗扰控制器的纵向高度控制的优异性能。      

扩展近似时间最优伺服控制及其试验验证

针对带有惯性阻尼环节的典型伺服系统,提出一种能实现大范围快速定点运动的控制方案。控制方案首先利用时间最优控制律进行快速目标追踪,当系统速度下降到一定范围内时平滑切换成线性控制律。采用线性控制区内的闭环极点阻尼系统和自然频率作为设计参数,给出了全参数化的控制律。基于Lyapunov理论分析了控制系统的闭环稳定性。将该控制方案用于一个直流伺服电机的位置-速度环的定点位置控制,并进行了MATLAB数字仿真和基于TMS320F28335 DSC的试验研究。结果表明:所设计的控制系统可以对大范围的给定目标进行快速和准确的跟踪,且对扰动和系统参数差异具有较好的鲁棒性。     

Midlatitude ionospheric F2-layer response to eruptive solar events-caused geomagnetic disturbances over Hungary during the maximum of the solar cycle 24: A case study

In our study we analyze and compare the response and behavior of the ionospheric F2 and of the sporadic E-layer during three strong (i.e., Dst?<??100nT) individual geomagnetic storms from years 2012, 2013 and 2015, winter time period. The data was provided by the state-of the art digital ionosonde of the Széchenyi István Geophysical Observatory located at midlatitude, Nagycenk, Hungary (IAGA code: NCK, geomagnetic latitude: 46.17° geomagnetic longitude: 98.85°). The local time of the sudden commencement (SC) was used to characterize the type of the ionospheric storm (after Mendillo and Narvaez, 2010). This way two regular positive phase (RPP) ionospheric storms and one no-positive phase (NPP) storm have been analyzed. In all three cases a significant increase in electron density of the foF2 layer can be observed at dawn/early morning (around 6:00 UT, 07:00 LT). Also we can observe the fade-out of the ionospheric layers at night during the geomagnetically disturbed time periods. Our results suggest that the fade-out effect is not connected to the occurrence of the sporadic E-layers.     

抗扰动复合非线性伺服控制器的设计与应用

针对典型的电机伺服系统,提出了一种鲁棒复合非线性伺服控制器的离散域设计方案。把系统的扰动和不确定性归结为一个斜坡信号(其变化率恒定),设计一个降维线性扩展状态观测器,对系统未测量状态和未知扰动加以估计。把设计的控制律应用于永磁同步伺服电机,先在MATLAB上进行仿真分析,随后基于TMS320F28335DSC进行试验测试。结果表明系统在各种类型扰动作用下,对目标位置都能实现快速、平稳和准确的跟踪,具有较好的鲁棒性。