北斗区域Klobuchar改进模型及其修正精度分析

北斗卫星导航系统采用Klobuchar模型修正单频接收机用户的电离层延迟误差,由于此模型从亚洲地区应用角度考虑,在某一特定区域的修正精度甚至不足50%。为进一步提高区域电离层延迟修正精度,提出在原模型8个改正参数的基础上增加5个关键参数的Klobuchar改进模型,并采用松弛迭代与直线搜索法中的黄金分割相结合的算法对新增参数进行求解。以天津及其附近区域为例,利用GPStation6接收机采集到的实测数据对改进模型与原模型进行计算。将国际全球导航卫星系统服务组织（International GNSS Service,IGS）发布的全球电离层格网数据作为参考值,对比分析改进模型与原模型的修正精度。结果表明,区域Klobuchar改进模型在天津及其附近区域的电离层延迟平均修正精度比原模型提升了10.46%,平均修正精度达到77.51%。     

Refinement of global ionospheric coefficients for GNSS applications: Methodology and results

We developed the methodology for the optimal estimation of global ionospheric coefficients of the current Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs), including the eight- and ten-parameter Klobuchar-like as well as NeQuick models. The ionospheric coefficients of those correction models are calculated from two sets of globally distributed tracking stations of the International GNSS Services (IGS). Performance of the re-estimated Klobuchar-like and NeQuick coefficients are validated during 2002–2014 over the continental and oceanic areas, respectively. Over the continental areas, GPS TECs derived from 40 ground GPS receivers are selected as reference. The eight-, ten-parameter Klobuchar-like and NeQuick models can mitigate the ionospheric delay by 65.8, 67.3 and 75.0%, respectively. Over the global oceans, the independent TECs derived from Jason-1&2 altimeters are used as reference. The re-estimated ionospheric correction models can mitigate 56.1–66.7% of the delay errors. Compared to the original GPS Ionospheric Correction Algorithm (ICA), performance of those eight-, ten-parameter Klobuchar-like and NeQuick models has improved 3.4, 5.9 and 13.4% during the whole test period, respectively. The methodology developed here takes the advantage of high-quality ionospheric TECs derived from the global network of GNSS receivers. The re-estimated ionospheric coefficients can be used as precise ionospheric products to monitor and assess GNSS broadcast ionospheric parameters and to improve the performance of various single-frequency GNSS applications.     

月地转移轨道中途修正方法及策略

针对月地转移轨道中途修正,以再入角、再入点地心距和地面落点位置为目标,提出一种基于线性修正的固定落点中途修正方法。以一条半弹道式再入的月地转移轨道为例,采用该方法研究中途修正速度增量与修正时机的关系,并基于蒙特卡洛仿真对两次修正的中途修正策略进行验证。计算结果表明,文章提出的中途修正方法及策略能够满足月球采样返回任务对再入参数及落点位置的要求。     

流量现场校准装置测量误差分析及修正

从流量现场校准装置的结构和测量方法入手,对校准装置的测量误差进行了分析,并根据分析结果对校准装置的测量结果进行了误差修正。通过试验对修正结果进行了验证。验证结果表明,通过测量误差的修正,校准装置的流量测量相对误差可以满足系统设计指标的要求。     

锥束CT重建图像中环状伪影的拟合校正

针对锥束CT图像重建中像元通道响应不一致引起的环状伪影原理进行了分析,采用了拟合校正的方法对投影图像进行校正。结果表明,校正后重建图像中的环状伪影得到有效抑制。在此基础上,进一步考虑像元通道对射线强度响应的非线性,以及像元通道对射线能谱响应的非线性等因素对重建图像的影响,最后讨论了拟合校正的改进方向。     

基于双蚁群优化的快速轨道转移

研究了Lambert转移的优化问题,并用于航天器的快速轨道机动。以二体模型为基础,在给定的转移时间范围内以燃料最省为目标函数,用蚁群算法(ACA)对Lambert机动问题进行寻优;将第一次寻优用于完成轨道机动所需的速度增量转换成航天器发动机有限推力下的时间序列;考虑地球主要摄动影响,再次用ACA对有限推力工作时段进行边值修正,保证航天器能转移至目标位置范围。仿真结果表明:双蚁群优化方法可有效修正由二体假设导致的Lambert转移的误差,同时由蚁群算法的较强寻优性能保证了Lambert机动过程的燃料最省。     

A New Optimal Hatch Filter to Minimize the Effects of Ionosphere Gradients for GBAS

At present, the main problem faced by ground-based augment system （GBAS） is that though carder smoothing filter and local differential global positioning system （LDGPS） improve the accuracy of the pseudorange by reducing the noise in it and eliminating almost all the common errors between the user and the reference station, they also cause extra errors on account of the effects of the ionosphere temporal and spatial gradients. Based on the analysis of these errors as well as the smoothing noise, this article suggests a new algorithm to design the optimal Hatch filter, whose smoothing window width varies real-time with the satellite elevation, ionosphere variation, and distance from the user to the reference station. By conducting the positioning process in the GBAS emulation platform for several hours and after its comparison with the performances of traditional Hatch filters, it is found that the errors in the differential correction become smaller and the positioning accuracy gets heightened with this new method.     

一种机载SAR距离徙动修正的快速算法

距离-多普勒算法是机载合成孔径雷达成像信号处理中的常用算法,针对其采用逐点插值进行距离徙动修正而导致运算量过大的问题,提出了一种无需插值的快速距离徙动修正方法.该算法通过二次快速傅里叶变换和一次复乘操作完成合成孔径雷达成像所需的距离徙动修正处理.在分析回波信号模型的基础上,推导了利用该技术能够精确完成距离徙动修正的最大测绘带宽度,给出了该宽度与成像分辨率之间的关系,并用计算机仿真验证了上述关系的正确性.理论分析、仿真和实测数据处理结果表明,该方法具有运算量小、精度高的优点,非常适合于机上实时处理.      

SAR极坐标格式成像算法对运动目标响应特性

运动目标的合成孔径雷达（SAR）成像特征是SAR地面运动目标指示（SAR/GMTI）系统进行运动目标检测、成像和重定位的基础。为此,从信号二维解耦合校正距离徙动角度推导和分析了极坐标格式算法（PFA）对运动目标的响应特性,揭示了极坐标格式转换过程中的距离插值和方位插值对运动目标距离徙动的校正原理。理论分析表明：PFA在完成对静止目标成像的同时,还能够自动校正所有运动目标的线性距离徒动,且校正过程无需目标运动信息,因此对于径向运动目标,在忽略波前弯曲条件下PFA也能够对其进行完全聚焦。最后,通过仿真数据处理对理论分析结果进行了验证,表明PFA作为一种运动目标成像预处理方法具有很大的应用前景。     

应用气动力修正技术的静气动 弹性发散计算

将气动力修正技术应用于静气动弹性发散计算与分析中.根据三维翼面定常气动压力分布数据,获取压力修正因子以及下洗修正因子,对基于平面偶极子格网法的定常气动力影响系数矩阵进行压力修正和下洗修正,并采用模态法对某翼面进行静气动弹性发散的计算.结果表明:由于三维翼面定常气动压力分布的气动力中心与偶极子格网法的气动力中心相比更靠近前缘,因此压力修正和下洗修正后的翼面发散速度较修正前均有所降低.