Global ionospheric scintillations revealed by GPS radio occultation data with FY3C satellite before midnight during the March 2015 storm

Global observations of S4 amplitude scintillation index by the GPS Occultation Sounder (GNOS) on FengYun-3 C (FY3C) satellite reveal global dynamic patterns of a strong pre-midnight scintillations in F-region of the ionosphere during the St. Patrick’s Day geomagnetic super storm of 17–19 March 2015. The observed strong scintillations mainly occurred in the low latitudes, caused by equatorial plasma bubbles. During the main storm phase (March 17), the scintillations were first triggered in the New Zealand sector near 160°E longitudes, extending beyond 40°S dip latitude. They were also enhanced in the Indian sector, but significantly suppressed in East Asia near 120°E longitude and in Africa around 30°E longitude. During the initial recovery phase (March 18–19), the global scintillations were seldom observed in GNOS data. During the later recovery phase (after March 19), the scintillations recovered to the pre-storm level in Indian, African, and American sectors, but not in East Asian and any of Pacific sectors. These results closely correlate with observations of the density depletion structures by the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite, and ground-based instruments. Such consistency indicates reliability of our scintillation sensing approach even in a case-by-case comparison study. The prompt penetration electric field and disturbance dynamo electric field are suggested as the main factors that control the enhancement and inhibition of the scintillations during the storm, respectively.     

Ionospheric F2-Layer critical frequency retrieved from COSMIC radio occultation: A statistical comparison with measurements from a meridional ionosonde chain over Southeast Asia

In this paper, we compared the F2-Layer critical frequency (foF2) derived from FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC radio occultation (RO) and ionosondes at Chiang Mai, Chumphon and Kototabang during the years 2008–2015 to evaluate the performance of COSMIC RO over Southeast Asia region. The results show that the time development of foF2 values derived from COSMIC RO generally agrees well with those from ionosonde measurements. However, the differences between the foF2 derived from COSMIC RO and that derived from ionosonde observations display latitudinal dependence. COSMIC RO tends to underestimate foF2 at Chiang Mai and Kototabang, which is near to the north EIA crest and the south one, respectively, while a little overestimate foF2 at Chumphon, which is close to the geomagnetic equator. COSMIC RO agrees best with ionosonde at Chumphon and worst at Chiang Mai. At each ionosonde station, the quality of COSMIC RO data degrades with the increase of solar activity. In addition, at the station Chiang Mai and Kototabang, COSMIC RO performs better in summer than in equinox and winter. Furthermore, the differences in foF2 derived from COSMIC RO and that from ionosonde measurements vary with local time, i.e., the differences in foF2 are generally smaller at night and larger in noontime when equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) is well developed.     

涡轮流量计前导流件有限元计算分析

对涡轮流量计关键部件之一前导流件运用NX THERMAL/FLOW进行有限元计算分析,得出流量分离导致的大涡旋尾迹区易出现在前导流件尾部区域、前导流件叶片形状对此处流体速度变化具有较大影响的结论,为涡轮流量计和前导流件的设计提供了理论依据。     

基于卫星和星敏感器的冗余激光惯组在轨标定

采用高精度卫星导航速度、位置信息以及星敏感器提供的姿态信息设计十表冗余捷联惯组的标定模型,包含陀螺和加速度计的零次项和标度因数,对卫星和星敏感器辅助的冗余激光陀螺捷联惯组进行实时在轨标定.利用标准Kalman滤波和Sage-Husa自适应滤波作为估计算法,对十表冗余捷联惯组参数进行在线估计.数值仿真结果表明:参数标定精度均在7％以内,是一种实时的在轨标定方法,满足误差补偿要求.冗余惯组在轨标定方法为航天器高精度定姿和定轨提供了一种理论参考.     

飞机大部件自动对接同步调姿方法

提出了飞机大部件自动对接同步调姿方法,实现了大部件调姿基准点的连续自动跟踪测量和位姿连续调整.在此基础上开发了集测量场构建、大部件位姿解算和调整等功能于一体的大部件自动对接集成控制软件,并在ARJ21飞机翼身自动对接现场进行了应用试验,结果证明该方法能有效完成飞机翼身自动对接过程,提高测量和对接效率.     

涡轮导向器排气面积测量与分析

针对航空发动机涡轮导向器喉道面积科研生产的需求,研究发动机涡轮导向器喉道面积测量方法,解决发动机涡轮导向器喉道面积测量技术问题,满足发动机型号计量的需求,为航空发动机研制提供有力的保障.     

基于非接触式测量的旋转叶片动应变重构方法

基于叶端定时非接触式测量和振动响应传递比的概念,开展高速旋转叶片动应变重构方法的研究。在频域内推导了叶片任意测点位移与任意测点动应变的传递比,给出了单模态共振下响应传递比关于位移和应变模态振型的解析表达式;建立旋转叶片的三维(3D)有限元模型,开展考虑旋转预应力效应的叶片模态分析,提取位移和应变模态振型,获得任意转速下叶端位移与叶根关键点动应变的传递比。开展高速旋转叶片叶端定时非接触式测量实验,采用周向傅里叶算法对叶端定时信号进行处理,获得叶片在不同转速单模态共振下的叶端位移,结合响应传递比,重构5个旋转叶片的关键点动应变。结果表明:旋转叶片在9000r/min和13000r/min转速下发生1阶共振时,与应变片实测结果相比,叶根处应力最大点、次大点和边缘点3个关键点的动应变平均重构误差均小于15%,验证了旋转叶片动应变重构方法的有效性。     

基于PIV技术的单圆孔脉冲射流流场特征

对稳态射流及脉冲射流冲击靶板时的流场特性结构进行了探索和分析。采用高频粒子图像测速技术,在射流管口到冲击靶板间距为6倍管径的条件下,对稳态射流进口雷诺数为6 000的稳态射流及脉冲频率为20 Hz的脉冲射流进行了实验测量,得到了射流核心区、壁面射流区及滞止区内的速度分布。研究发现:①由于射流剪切作用的影响,脉冲射流核心区的最大轴向脉动速度为稳态射流的3倍。②滞止区内,由于射流的剪切作用和壁面的滞止作用,导致了脉冲射流轴向速度梯度最大为稳态射流的2倍,同时,滞止区内的最大脉动速度是稳态射流脉动速度的3倍。③脉冲射流对壁面的卷吸以及旋涡的产生和传播过程,破坏了壁面射流区稳定的速度边界层。相比稳态射流,脉冲射流的流场增加了湍流相干结构的含能并产生周期性的大尺度卷吸涡。     

Advances in critical technologies for hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnel

Hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels and their measurement techniques are the cornerstone of the hypersonic flight era that is a dream for human beings to fly faster, higher and further. The great progress has been achieved during the recent years and their critical technologies are still in an urgent need for further development. There are at least four kinds of hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels that are widely applied over the world and can be classified according to their operation modes. These wind tunnels are named as air-directly-heated hypersonic wind tunnel, light-gas-heated shock tunnel, free-piston-driven shock tunnel and detonation-driven shock tunnel, respectively. The critical technologies for developing the wind tunnels are introduced in this paper, and their merits and weakness are discussed based on wind tunnel performance evaluation. Measurement techniques especially developed for high-enthalpy flows are a part of the hypersonic wind tunnel technology because the flow is a chemically reacting gas motion and its diagnosis needs specially designed instruments. Three kinds of the measurement techniques considered to be of primary importance are introduced here, including the heat flux sensor, the aerodynamic balance, and optical diagnosis techniques. The techniques are developed usually for conventional wind tunnels, but further improved for hypersonic and high-enthalpy tunnels. The hypersonic ground test facilities have provided us with most of valuable experimental data on high-enthalpy flows and will play a more important role in hypersonic research area in the future. Therefore, several prospects for developing hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels are presented from our point of view.     

应用PIV技术测试模型环形燃烧室流场

采用粒子图像测速仪(PIV)测量带双级旋流器模型环形燃烧室内冷态和燃烧流场,试验研究不同进口气流温度对其冷态和燃烧流场内回流区的形成以及气流速度分布的影响,试验结果表明:燃烧室燃烧流场内回流区长度要比冷态流场短,燃烧流场的脉动速度明显大于冷态流场;另外随着进口气流温度增加,燃烧室冷态和燃烧流场的回流区长度都稍有减少.