2219铝合金厚板TIG焊接头组织与力学性能研究

采用氦弧打底+氩弧填充、盖面的焊接工艺对2219-T87铝合金15 mm厚板进行TIG焊接试验，研究其焊缝成形和组织力学性能。结果表明，此工艺焊缝成形美观，无可见焊接缺陷，气孔抑制效果好，接头平均抗拉强度为278.22 MPa，平均断后延伸率为3.89%，接头平均强度系数达到58.94%。接头硬度整体表现为焊缝中心最低，从焊缝中心到母材呈现先增大后局部降低再增大的趋势；且焊缝中心填充层硬度高于打底层和盖面层。熔合区的微观组织为柱状树枝晶和胞状树枝晶，且垂直于熔合线生长，在靠近熔合区两侧出现了等轴细晶带。焊接接头断面有较多撕裂棱和韧窝，局部发现第二相粒子和微孔，其断裂机制为典型的韧性断裂。     

Influence of lunar regolith compressibility on sampling performance of thick wall spiral drills

A 2 m class robotic drill was sent to the Moon and successfully collected and returned regolith samples in late 2020 by China. It was a typical thick wall spiral drill (TWSD) with a hollow auger containing a complex coring system to retain subsurface regolith samples. Before the robotic drill was launched, a series of laboratory tests were carried out to investigate and predict the possible drilling loads it may encounter in the lunar environment. This work presents how the sampling performance of the TWSD is affected by the regolith compressibility. Experiments and analysis during the drilling and sampling process in a simulated lunar regolith environment were conducted. The compressibility of a typical lunar regolith simulant (LRS) was measured through uni-directional compression tests to study the relationship between its inner regolith stress and bulk density. A theoretical model was established to elucidate the cutting discharge behavior by auger flights based on the aforementioned relationship. Experiments were conducted with the LRS, and the results show that the sampling performance is greatly affected by the flux of the drilled cuttings into the spiral flight channels. This work helped in scheduling reasonable drilling parameters to promote the sampling performance of the robotic drill in the Chinese Chang'E 5 mission.     

先驱体转化─热压烧结法制备C_f/SiC复合材料

以Y2 O3-Al2 O3和MgO -Al2 O3为烧结助剂体系 ,研究了烧结助剂体系及其含量对Cf/SiC复合材料密度与力学性能的影响。结果表明 ,以Y2 O3-Al2 O3为烧结助剂时 ,复合材料的力学性能优于烧结助剂为MgO -Al2 O3时复合材料的力学性能。当烧结助剂为Y2 O3-Al2 O3时 ,随着烧结助剂含量的增加 ,复合材料力学性能不断提高 ,断裂韧性在烧结助剂含量为 12 %时达到最大值 14.83MPa·m1/ 2 。进一步增加烧结助剂的含量 ,复合材料的抗弯强度虽有提高 ,但断裂韧性急剧降低。烧结助剂含量超过 15%后 ,抗弯强度也急剧降低。结果同时证明 ,复合材料的断裂行为取决于纤维 /基体间的界面结合强度 ,即纤维 /基体间的界面结合情况是决定纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料力学性能的关键因素     

Effect of adding Nb foil on joint properties of laser fusion welding for TC4 titanium and 7075 aluminum alloy

It is difficult to gain effective Ti-Al fusion welding joints due to their differences in thermal properties and the appearance of brittle Ti-Al Intermetallic Compounds (IMCs). The experiments of laser fusion welding for TC4 titanium and 7075 aluminum alloy were carried out, temperature field and ductility/brittleness, as well as chemical potential of elements, were calculated, and the effect of adding Nb foil on mechanical properties of the weld was also investigated. The results suggested that Nb atoms tend to diffuse toward Al side, which is conducive to the participation of Nb in the metallurgical reaction and contributes to forming the Ti-Nb-Al IMC layer at the interface. As the thickness of Nb foil increases, the tensile-shear force of joint climbs first but then declines, and reaches the highest value of 1663 N with 0.10 mm-thickness Nb foil, representing 58.38% enhancement compared with the non-added one. Adding Nb foil slows down the heat transfer as a blocker, and thus both the melting amount of Al and the mixing area of Ti and Al decrease. In addition, Nb alloying reduces the brittleness of the Ti-Al compound. Hence, the joint properties of titanium/aluminum are improved with the addition of Nb foil.     

拉伸载荷下正交三向机织复合材料接头失效多尺度渐进损伤分析

针对机械打孔三维机织复合材料耳片接头的单轴拉伸破坏性能，采用多尺度分析方法研究孔边纱线破坏过程。结果表明，正交三向（ORT）机织复合材料接头孔边的连续的经纱出现大量的纵向损伤；纬纱单元出现大量横向损伤，损伤沿着孔边45°方向逐渐扩展，纬纱发生剪切失效，最终接头的损伤形式为剪切破坏。数值模拟和试验结果的误差为1.14％，验证了多尺度有限元仿真方法的正确性。孔边细观区域的纱线损伤从孔边扩展到边接头边缘。孔边纱线的分布位置不同，纱线的破坏形式虽不一样，但是不影响破坏的扩展趋势。     

A novel combination belief rule base model for mechanical equipment fault diagnosis

Due to the excellent performance in complex systems modeling under small samples and uncertainty, Belief Rule Base(BRB) expert system has been widely applied in fault diagnosis. However, the fault diagnosis process for complex mechanical equipment normally needs multiple attributes, which can lead to the rule number explosion problem in BRB, and limit the efficiency and accuracy. To solve this problem, a novel Combination Belief Rule Base(C-BRB) model based on Directed Acyclic Graph(DAG) structu...     

TiB2颗粒对2195铝锂合金焊接头焊接性的影响

为了解决2195铝锂合金在焊接时裂纹敏感性高、焊接头软化等问题,通过调整焊丝的化学成分,添加微米级原位自生TiB_2颗粒,制备出BJ-4210焊丝,并对焊接头的抗裂性、力学性能及显微组织进行了研究。研究表明,TiB_2颗粒在熔池中作为形核质点,能够降低焊缝晶粒尺寸并且改变晶粒形态,从而有效的降低接头的裂纹敏感性,提高接头的力学性能,其拉伸强度达到370 MPa,延伸率为3.1%。BJ-4210焊丝的研制可为2195铝锂合金的工程应用提供技术支撑。     

2195铝锂合金钨极氩弧焊接工艺研究

针对2195铝锂合金在焊接时裂纹敏感性高、气孔敏感性高、易氧化等问题，开展氩弧焊接工艺研究，对焊接头的抗裂性、力学性能及显微组织进行了分析。研究表明，提高焊缝金属中的Cu含量，可以有效降低2195铝锂合金熔焊接头的裂纹敏感性，裂纹率K₁=0%,K₂=0%。2195铝锂合金单面双层焊接接头力学性能最佳，抗拉强度超过376 MPa，延伸率达到5.5%。提高焊接试板的清理深度可以解决焊接气孔敏感性高的问题，增加氩气拖后保护及背保护措施可以有效防止焊接氧化问题。熔焊工艺研究可为2195铝锂合金的工程应用提供技术支撑。     

深空极低温服役环境下材料力学/物理性能低成本快速评价方法研究进展

随着我国空间探测卫星、深空探测飞行器等国家战略装备的快速发展,宇航材料的服役环境越来越苛刻,常常面临极端低温的考验。然而低温下材料的力学/物理性能和常温相比有很大差异,极低温使役环境下材料力学/物理性能评价成为人们关注的重点问题。本文着重对基于力-热能量密度等效原理而发展的深空极低温服役环境下材料屈服强度、弹性模量、理想拉伸强度、硬度等力学性能的低成本快速评价方法研究进展进行了总结和回顾;同时,介绍了力-热能量密度等效原理在低温下半导体材料的带隙能、折射率、拉曼频移,金属材料磁晶各向异性常数等物理性能的低成本快速评价方面的推广应用情况。该评价方法为实现地面实时监测在轨航天器中关键材料的主要力学/物理性能提供了有效途径,为国家高端技术装备建设中关键材料的设计、可靠性评价和实时性能监测等提供重要的手段。     

Non-isothermal creep age forming of Al-Cu-Li alloy: Experiment and modelling

Non-isothermal Creep Age Forming (CAF), including loading, heating, holding, cooling and springback stages, is an advanced forming technique for manufacturing high performance large integral panels at short production period and low cost. However, the creep deformation and aging precipitation during heating stage is often neglected in experiments and modeling, leading to low forming precision. To achieve shape forming and property tailoring simultaneously, a deep understanding of the non-isothermal creep aging behavior and the establishment of predictive models are urgently required. A new five-stage creep feature of Al-Cu-Li alloy during the non-isothermal creep aging is observed. The microstructural interactions between the dislocations, solute atoms, Guinier Preston zones (GP zones) and T₁ precipitates are found to dominate the five-stage creep aging behavior. The physical-based model considering temperature evolution history is established to describe the five-stage creep feature. The springback and yield strength of non-isothermal creep age formed plates with different thicknesses are predicted and compared by non-isothermal CAF experiments and corresponding simulations. The CAF experiments show that the springback and yield strength of the non-isothermal creep age formed plate are 62.1% and 506 MPa, respectively. Simulation results are in good agreement with experimental results. The proposed model broadens the application of traditional CAF models that mainly focus on isothermal conditions.