火星探测器降落伞系统综述

文章介绍了美国火星探测器降落伞系统组成和验证试验情况；分析了5种不同探测器降落伞系统的具体差异；归纳了探测器降落伞系统的结构和性能参数；重点介绍了“凤凰号”和“火星科学实验室”降落伞系统研制过程和性能验证试验。     

有烧蚀气体产物影响的化学非平衡粘性流数值计算研究

本文是针对高超声速绕流钝锥体再入飞行器，研究有烧蚀气体产物影响的化学非平衡反应粘性流ＮＳ方程数值计算方法。通过带有化学源项的ＮＳ方程对流动作数值模拟，总的连续方程由单个组元守恒方程组代替。对１３个化学组元，２６个气相化学反应，以及２个气相－固相化学反应，研究烧烛碳－空气的化学反应系统，并与纯空气化学反应系统的计算结果进行比较。利用二阶迎风ＴＶＤ差分格式和激波捕捉法，计算球锥体头部和身部化学非平衡粘性流场     

Solar particle events observed at Mars: dosimetry measurements and model calculations

During the period from March 13, 2002 to mid-September, 2002, six solar particle events (SPE) were observed by the MARIE instrument onboard the Odyssey Spacecraft in Martian Orbit. These events were observed also by the GOES 8 satellite in Earth orbit, and thus represent the first time that the same SPE have been observed at these separate locations. The characteristics of these SPE are examined, given that the active regions of the solar disc from which the event originated can usually be identified. The dose rates at Martian orbit are calculated, both for the galactic and solar components of the ionizing particle radiation environment. The dose rates due to galactic cosmic rays (GCR) agree well with the HZETRN model calculations.     

Rapid impactor sample return (RISR) mission scenario

Due to the long lead time and great expense of traditional sample return mission plans to Mars or other astronomical bodies, there is a need for a new and innovative way to return materials, potentially at a lower cost. The Rapid Impactor Sample Return (RISR) mission is one such proposal. The general mission scenario involves a single pass of Mars, a Martian moon or an asteroid at high speeds (7 km/s), with the sample return vehicle skimming just 1 or 2 m above a high point (such as a top ridge on Olympus Mons on Mars) and releasing an impactor. The impactor strikes the ground, throwing up debris. The debris with roughly the same forward velocity will be captured by the sample return vehicle and returned to Earth. There is no delay or orbit in the vicinity of Mars or the asteroid: RISR is a one-pass mission. This paper discusses some of the details of the proposal. Calculations are presented that address the question of how much material can be recovered with this technique. There are concerns about the effect of Mars tenuous atmosphere. However, it will be noted that such issues do not occur for RISR style missions to Phobos, Deimos, or asteroids and Near Earth Objects (NEOs). Recent test results in the missile defense community (IFTs 6–8 in 2001, 2002) have scored direct hits at better than 1 m accuracy with closing velocities of 7.6 km/s, giving the belief that accuracy and sensing issues are developed to a point that the RISR mission scenario is feasible.     

Applying the mathematical theory of stochastic processes to lunar and planetary science: the ancient oceans on Mars case

The Mathematical Statistics Theory (MST) and the Mathematical Theory of Stochastic Processes (MTSP) are different branches of the more general Mathematical Probability Theory (MPT) that represents different aspects of some physical processes we can analyze using mathematics. Each model of a stochastic process according to the MTSP can provide one or more interpretations in the MST domain. The importance of MTSP is that each such interpretation can provide large amount of new information. While large body of work on the impact crater statistics according to MST has already been done, it is yet to be investigated as to how we can model a stochastic process according to MTSP; for example, bombardment of the planetary surface or something else in a Lunar and Planetary Science (LPS) domain. In order to show possible achievements, the possible existence of a Martian ocean was chosen as a query that could be addressed through computations using presumptions according to MTSP, including probability of existence as well as lateral and vertical extent and duration of time. While the presumptions for this particular case will also be addressed in certain degree, this will be done primarily to show complexities of some physical process that can be modeled, rather than to prove correctness of the concrete values computed here. While this in itself can be the objective in some future work toward the formal proof of the probability, extent, and timing of oceans on Mars, the basic idea here is to show the basic principles of MTSP, and its potential for addressing LPS-related phenomena. Here, I attempt to show how this approach can: (1) provide large amounts of previously unknown information about physical processes on the surface of the planet, (2) lead to a better understanding of the processes that have shaped the surface of the planet, and/or (3) help constrain the amount of resurfacing. Coupled with other current methodologies, MTSP can result in a better understanding of the history of Mars, as well as other lunar and planetary bodies.     

车削刀具切入切出工件时的振动信号特征及其检测技术

准确判断刀具的切入和切出状态是自动化加工系统的迫切要求,而用加速度计来传感这种信息是一种有益的尝试。本文分析了切削振动信号在此过渡过程中的变化规律以及带通滤波器对信号传输过程的影响。根据状态变化时出现的两种信号特征,微机系统能够实现可靠的检测。     

入世:法律环境的变化与中国民航行政管理的对策研究

从入世前后中国民航行政管理的法律环境发生的巨大变化入手,探讨了中国现行民航行政管理体制可能遭遇的机遇和挑战;依据现代行政管理理论的新发展,为中国民航的行政管理改革提出了一些政策建议。     

基于阻力加速度倒数剖面的再入轨迹规划与制导方法

针对升力式飞行器再入制导问题,提出了一种基于阻力加速度倒数剖面的在线解析规划与制导方法。首先将过程和终端约束转换成阻力加速度倒数形式的飞行走廊,采用三次样条函数描述倒数剖面。然后通过解析计算航程上下界,利用待飞航程在倒数剖面内的近似线性关系,以满足待飞航程为目标,迭代计算得到阻力加速度倒数剖面;在飞行过程中根据当前状态和实际待飞航程,周期性更新阻力加速度倒数剖面。通过对阻力加速度剖面的跟踪进行纵向制导,解算倾侧角指令;通过倾侧角反向来进行侧向制导,限制航向角偏差。实现了再入轨迹的在线快速生成与更新,并利用阻力加速度动态特性,将其与跟踪制导结合,提出的方法效率高,适应性强,有工程应用的潜力。     

中国首次火星探测任务有效载荷地面综合测试系统设计

介绍了中国首次火星探测任务有效载荷分系统的试验矩阵,以及地面综合测试系统的技术要求。面向2个探测器、5种场景的测试任务需求,设计由接口适配、业务处理、数据管理组成的3层统一架构,实现了不同场景下测试系统的功能和外部接口适配;根据星上科学数据处理与传输机制,设计地面科学数据处理流程,满足了13类载荷科学数据判读需求;针对单星1 900维工程遥测、400条数据注入指令的高维特性,设计基于规则的数据判读软件,实现了载荷遥测数据及数据注入指令的自动化判读。任务执行结果表明该系统满足不同试验模式下有效载荷测试任务的需求,有效保障了载荷测试任务的顺利实施。