基于光纤F-P可调谐滤波器的有害气体检测方法

光谱分析法在气体成分监测领域有着广泛的应用,实现小型紧凑高分辨率的光谱测量装置是热门的研究课题。文章创造性的提出了基于光纤法布里-帕罗（F—P）的可调谐滤波器提高吸收光谱分辨率,为构建紧凑高分辨率的光谱仪提供了一种新的方案。基于光纤F-P的可调谐滤波器成功实现了微型光栅光谱仪（分辨率约1nm）对甲烷吸收光谱的测量,对比无光纤F—P可调谐滤波器直接测量的结果,该方法测得的吸收光谱强度至少提高了一个数量级。此研究成果可用于紧凑高分辨率的星载气体检测仪的研制。     

国外多模式霍尔电推进发展概况及启示

多模式霍尔电推进具有多个工作模式,调节能力强,相对于20世纪80年代以来广泛应用的只有一个工作模式的霍尔电推进器,其优势明显,能很好地适应诸如GEO卫星轨道转移和在轨位置保持,以及深空探测器和空间运输平台的主推进等多种任务,因此得到了广泛研究和应用.国外多模式霍尔电推进发展现状和趋势对我国多模式霍尔电推进的发展具有重要的启示作用.针对我国航天器对电推进的迫切任务需求,定量分析应用多模式霍尔电推进的收益,提出我国多模式霍尔电推进发展的建议.     

多关节轻型机械臂的设计研究

根据现有空间机械臂的结构特点,参照几种轻型机械臂的设计,设计了一种两自由度机械臂运动模块,并根据此模块研制了一台6自由度空间机械臂。运动模块由两个相邻关节轴线正交的关节组成,关节内部没有驱动器。机械臂内有一根高速主轴,为各个串联关节提供动能。机械臂控制系统采用上下位机方式,上位机根据虚拟场景仿真的运动轨迹发出控制指令给关节控制器,下位机根据关节状态表控制离合器组输入关节的能量。为确定机械臂在工作过程中的强度和稳定性,建立了机械臂的有限元模型,分析了其工作态的应力情况和动态特性。仿真结果表明,机械臂在工作态有足够的强度,在抓取的过程中,机械臂固有频率远离激励源的激励频率,无共振现象。通过多关节联动,机械臂可实现多种组合姿态,适用于在轨维修、加注等复杂空间任务。     

Deep Impact: Working Properties for the Target Nucleus – Comet 9P/Tempel 1

In 1998, Comet 9P/Tempel 1 was chosen as the target of the Deep Impact mission (A’Hearn, M. F., Belton, M. J. S., and Delamere, A., Space Sci. Rev., 2005) even though very little was known about its physical properties. Efforts were immediately begun to improve this situation by the Deep Impact Science Team leading to the founding of a worldwide observing campaign (Meech et al., Space Sci. Rev., 2005a). This campaign has already produced a great deal of information on the global properties of the comet’s nucleus (summarized in Table I) that is vital to the planning and the assessment of the chances of success at the impact and encounter. Since the mission was begun the successful encounters of the Deep Space 1 spacecraft at Comet 19P/Borrelly and the Stardust spacecraft at Comet 81P/Wild 2 have occurred yielding new information on the state of the nuclei of these two comets. This information, together with earlier results on the nucleus of comet 1P/Halley from the European Space Agency’s Giotto, the Soviet Vega mission, and various ground-based observational and theoretical studies, is used as a basis for conjectures on the morphological, geological, mechanical, and compositional properties of the surface and subsurface that Deep Impact may find at 9P/Tempel 1. We adopt the following working values (circa December 2004) for the nucleus parameters of prime importance to Deep Impact as follows: mean effective radius = 3.25± 0.2 km, shape – irregular triaxial ellipsoid with a/b = 3.2± 0.4 and overall dimensions of ∼14.4 × 4.4 × 4.4 km, principal axis rotation with period = 41.85± 0.1 hr, pole directions (RA, Dec, J2000) = 46± 10, 73± 10 deg (Pole 1) or 287± 14, 16.5± 10 deg (Pole 2) (the two poles are photometrically, but not geometrically, equivalent), Kron-Cousins (V-R) color = 0.56± 0.02, V-band geometric albedo = 0.04± 0.01, R-band geometric albedo = 0.05± 0.01, R-band H(1,1,0) = 14.441± 0.067, and mass ∼7×10¹³ kg assuming a bulk density of 500 kg m⁻³. As these are working values, {i.e.}, based on preliminary analyses, it is expected that adjustments to their values may be made before encounter as improved estimates become available through further analysis of the large database being made available by the Deep Impact observing campaign. Given the parameters listed above the impact will occur in an environment where the local gravity is estimated at 0.027–0.04 cm s⁻² and the escape velocity between 1.4 and 2 m s⁻¹. For both of the rotation poles found here, the Deep Impact spacecraft on approach to encounter will find the rotation axis close to the plane of the sky (aspect angles 82.2 and 69.7 deg. for pole 1 and 2, respectively). However, until the rotation period estimate is substantially improved, it will remain uncertain whether the impactor will collide with the broadside or the ends of the nucleus.     

载人航天器的可重构式控温回路系统设计

文章提出了载人航天器的可重构式控温回路系统,它由独立的中低温内外回路系统组成,可改善低温内回路由于控温点温度较低而对辐射器散热能力带来的影响,还可在某个外回路辐射器故障时进行系统重构,维持回路功能。建立了控温回路系统非稳态仿真分析模型,对正常工作模式下和某外回路故障工作模式下各舱回路控温点温度、设备温度、流量分配和载人航天器热负荷水平进行了分析。结果表明,双外回路系统比单外回路系统散热能力高27%。当双外回路中某回路故障时,通过系统重构,外回路系统可维持1850W散热能力,能保障载人航天器平台安全,表明可重构式控温回路系统能提高系统可靠性。     

模块化核动力航天器设计及其关键技术

为提高核动力航天器关键技术的可继承性与可扩展性,缩短核动力航天器研发周期,降低研发成本,本文通过总结国外核动力航天器发展现状,梳理核动力航天器研制特点,结合模块化航天器概念及设计原则,首次提出模块化核动力航天器概念。将核动力航天器分为核电源模块、平台中心模块、载荷模块3大独立模块,并针对体系架构设计提出3层建设方案,针对模块化核动力航天器梳理关键技术难点,为后续项目研究提供应用参考。     

无人机测控链路信道传播损耗模型研究

无人机测控链路的稳定可靠是确保无人机充分发挥军事和民用效能的重要保证之一。针对无人机测控链路系统设计中的空间传播损耗精确计算问题,参考ITU-R（国际电信联盟无线电通信组）P.528传播损耗模型,从自由空间损耗、大气吸收损耗和可变损耗三个方面进行了仿真研究,获得了视距条件下三种损耗衰减值与传播频率、通信距离、通信终端高度等参数的一般关系。根据提出的传播损耗精确计算方法,对某无人机典型应用场景下的传播损耗进行了分析计算。与传统损耗模型的计算结果相比,采用的方法可以获得更加精确的计算结果,对无人机测控装备的设计研制具有重要的借鉴意义。     

空间推进系统产品贮存寿命评估之加速老化试验方法

应用加速老化试验方法对空间推进系统产品贮存性能进行评估,首先基于空间推进系统产品的结构组成,开展各部组件的贮存性能分析,确定非金属材料部组件为该系统的薄弱环节;然后依据非金属材料的加速老化试验结果,确定空间推进系统组件级、系统级加速贮存试验条件;最终综合相关试验结果,得出全系统产品贮存寿命的评估结论。     

Vision and Voyages for Deep Space Exploration

More than 50 years of space exploration has not only satisfied human curiosity and built up international cooperation, but also improved life on Earth. Space exploration is an open-ended process which started 50 years ago. It enables access to unknown terrains with robots and humans, thereby opening new frontiers. Progress of goal deep space exploration was reviewed. China's current deep space missions are also briefly introduced. Focused on the vision and voyages for China's deep space exploration in 5 or 10 years. Like the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program (CLEP), we embark on a journey to Mars. We will spend few decades on Mars with the robotic explorers. Unlike CLEP, scientists proposed to build Moon research station by 2030.     

空间碎片能量转化利用技术

针对目前空间碎片问题,提出空间碎片发动机概念,立足于使用捕获到的空间碎片,转化为发动机可用的推进剂。在完成碎片清理目标的同时,获得可持续的动力来源,延长清理器的工作寿命。针对空间碎片制粉的方法进行研究,提出使用球磨仪对金属样本进行研磨。使用转刀式粉碎机对非金属材料进行粉碎。通过实验发现,多数粉末粒径达到微米量级。针对空间碎片粉末推进方式进行研究,提出使用静电加速推进方式对粉末进行加速。空间碎片发动机虽然起源于空间碎片清理任务,但是可持续的推进剂供应,也将为小行星探测等任务提供更好的思路。