基于作战单元任务成功性的可修复备件优化

在分析作战单元任务及备件保障流程的基础上,在考虑装备系统冷备份和热备份的情况下,基于METRIC模型原理,建立了两级保障体制下的作战单元任务成功性评估模型.以备件购置费用为优化目标函数,作战单元任务成功概率为约束条件,运用边际方法给出了备件优化模型的求解方法.最后,通过实例对该方法进行了分析,优化结果符合作战单元备件配置实际情况,从而为部队装备保障指挥人员在作战单元执行任务前科学制定保障方案提供决策支持.     

Thermosphere density and wind measurements in the equatorial region using a constellation of drag balance nanospacecraft

A mission for in situ thermosphere density and winds measurement is described, based on nanospacecraft equipped with a drag balance instrument (DBI) and a GPS receiver. The mission is based on nanosatellite clusters deployed in three orbital planes. In this study, clusters of 10 nanospacecraft are considered, leading to a mission based on a total of 30 nanospacecraft. The geometry analyzed is a symmetrical one, including an equatorial orbit and two orbits with the same inclination and opposing ascending nodes. The main idea is that, by combining the accurate information on the satellite inertial position and velocity provided by the GPS receiver and the drag acceleration intensity provided by the DBI, due to the orbits’ geometrical configuration, both atmospheric drag and wind can be resolved in a region close to the orbit nodes. Exploiting the Earth oblateness effect, a complete scan of the equatorial regions can be accomplished in the short mission lifetime typical of very low Earth orbit satellites, even in high solar activity peaks, when the expected nanospacecraft lifetime is about 40 days.     

Conversations on the Habitability of Worlds: The Importance of Volatiles

Our scientific forefathers discuss the interrelationships between water, climate, the atmosphere, and life on Earth and other terrestrial planets at a workshop in Nichtchatel, Switzerland.     

冯·卡门撞击坑物质成分研究

“嫦娥4号”预计在月球背面的冯·卡门（Von Kármán）撞击坑着陆,为近距离研究月球最大和最古老的南极—艾肯（South Pole-Aitken）盆地的形成和演化提供了机会。综合利用多种光谱数据,本研究分析了冯·卡门撞击坑及其周边地区TiO₂和FeO的含量变化,以及铁镁质矿物的分布情况,并推断了其主要的岩石类型。研究结果表明：冯·卡门撞击坑内部贫TiO₂（约1.5~2.5 wt%）富FeO（约12~16 wt%）,主要岩石类型为低钛玄武岩。撞击坑以外的地层则以苏长岩质物质（低钙辉石）为主,并含有约1 wt%的TiO₂和10 wt%的FeO。此外,冯·卡门撞击坑外的南部局fFf), and infilled by low-Ti basalts. The materials outside the crater are dominated by noritic materials (Low-Ca pyroxene) with abundance of TiO₂(~1 wt%)and FeO(~10 wt%). In addition, some plagioclase-rich layers are also exposed on the southern region outside the Von Kármán crater.     

中国首次火星探测任务地面应用系统

中国首次火星探测任务(HX-1)计划2020年通过一次发射实现火星环绕和着陆巡视,对火星开展全球性、综合性的环绕探测,在火星表面开展区域巡视探测。地面应用系统是首次火星探测任务工程五大系统之一,主要负责科学探测计划制定,有效载荷运行管理,探测数据的接收、处理、解译和管理,组织开展科学数据的应用和研究等任务。在分析国外类似系统和火星探测地面应用系统的特点和难点基础上,从系统的主要任务和技术指标出发,介绍了系统总体布局、分系统主要功能、组成和设计。     

火星探测器自主导航方法综述

火星是人类深空探测的重要目标之一,火星探测器的自主导航是探测任务的重要支撑技术。针对火星探测器自主导航方法的国内外研究现状进行综述与总结,讨论和分析了火星探测器自主导航可行的导航信标和测量手段,对自主导航算法需要研究的关键技术进行了梳理和探讨,提出了火星探测器在巡航段、捕获段和环绕段等不同阶段场景下的测量手段、自主导航方法的建议和设想。     

深空探测器自主控制技术综述

深空探测是人类考察、勘探和定居地球外其它天体的第1步,而深空探测器的自主控制技术则是确保深空探测任务成功完成的重要关键技术之一。从"自主导航、自主制导与控制、自主任务规划、自主故障诊断与重构"4个方面对深空探测器自主控制技术的研究现状进行综述,分析了已有的深空探测器自主控制技术存在的问题,并根据深空探测技术发展和任务实施的需求,提出了深空探测器自主控制技术未来研究的发展趋势。     

中国空间引力波探测“太极计划”及“太极1号”在轨测试

我国空间引力波探测"太极计划"将打开中低频段(0.1 mHz～1 Hz)的引力波观测窗口,为人类研究宇宙起源与演化、黑洞起源与演化、引力本质、暗能量和暗物质等提供全新的方法和手段。由于空间引力波探测涉及一系列关键技术,太极计划提出了"单星""双星"和"三星"3步走的发展路线图。目前"单星"计划——"太极1号"发射成功,并圆满完成了第一阶段的在轨测试。本文将简要介绍空间引力波探测的科学价值、国内外背景和关键技术分解,重点对太极计划及其3步走发展规划进行分析,并提出后续工作的一些设想和发展建议。     

Titan’s new pole: Implications for the Huygens entry and descent trajectory and landing coordinates

The European Space Agency’s Huygens probe separated from the NASA Cassini spacecraft on 25 December 2004, after having been attached for a 7-year interplanetary journey and three orbits around Saturn. The probe reached the predefined NASA/ESA interface point on 14 January 2005 at 09:05:52.523 (UTC). It performed a successful entry and descent sequence and softly landed on Titan’s surface on the same day at 11:38:10.77 (UTC) with a speed of about 4.54 m/s. Since the publication of the official project entry and descent trajectory reconstruction effort by the Descent Trajectory Working Group in 2007 (referred to as DTWG#4) various other efforts have been performed and published. This paper presents an overview of the most relevant reconstructions and compares their methodologies and results. Furthermore, the results of a new reconstruction effort (DTWG#5) are presented, which is based on the same methodology as DTWG#4 but takes into account new estimates of Titan’s pole coordinates which were derived from radar images of different Cassini Titan flybys. It can be shown that the primary effect can be observed in the meridional direction which is represented by a stark southward shift of the trajectory by about 0.3 deg. A much smaller effect is seen in the zonal direction (i.e., less than 0.01 deg in the west to east direction). The revised probe landing coordinates are 192.335 deg W and 10.573 deg S. A comparison of these coordinates with results of recent landing site investigations using visual and radar images of the Cassini VIMS instrument shows excellent agreement of the two independently derived landing coordinates, i.e., longitude and latitude residuals of respectively 0.035 deg and 0.007 deg.     

地空导弹防太阳辐射的论证、设计与试验

介绍了太阳辐射的基本概念、能量分布情况及其对地空导弹武器装备的影响，给出了论证地空导弹武器环境适应性时太阳辐射强度取值的依据、降低太阳辐射影响的措施和太阳辐射试验的参数取值依据以及对试验设备的要求，可供从事环境适应性论证、设计与试验工作的人员参考。