Analysis of spacecraft motion under constant circumferential propulsive acceleration

This paper reassesses the classical circumferential-thrust problem, in which a spacecraft orbiting around a primary body is subjected to a propulsive acceleration of constant modulus, whose direction is in the plane of the parking orbit and orthogonal to the spacecraft-primary line. In particular, a new formulation is proposed to obtain a reduction in the number of differential equations required for the study of the spacecraft propelled trajectory. The mathematical complexity of the problem may be further reduced assuming that both the propulsive acceleration modulus and the spacecraft distance from the primary body are sufficiently small. In that case, an approximate model is able to accurately describe the characteristics of the propelled trajectory when the parking orbit is circular. Finally, using the data obtained by numerical simulations, the approximate model is extended to generate a set of semi-analytical equations for the analysis of a classical escape mission scenario.     

用于深层月壤采样返回的软质取心袋的设计与测试验证

月壤钻探采样技术尤其无人自主采样返回技术是我国探月工程的关键技术之一。文章提出了一种适于深层月壤钻探采样的取心机构,能够实现对月壤样品的原位包裹,以保持样品的层理特性信息。该机构选用Kevlar作为包裹样品用的软质取心袋材料,采用满足要求的编织工艺织造出致密薄壁的软袋,并对软袋进行了翻转抽拉力、力学性能及涂层测试分析等测试试验,验证其可满足深层月壤钻探采样任务的需求。     

Science Researches of Chinese Manned Space Flight

With the complete success of the 2nd stage of Chinese Manned Space Program (CMSP), several science researches have been performed on Tiangong-1 experimental spacelab, which was docked with three Shenzhou spaceships one after another. The China's real spacelab, Tiangong-2 will be launched in 2015, docked with a Shenzhou spaceship soon. After six months, it will be docked with the first Chinese cargo ship (Tianzhou-1). More space science researches, involving with space biology, fluid physics, fundamental physics, materials science, Earth science, astronomy and space environmental science, will be operated on Tiangong-2 spacelab, and crewed and cargo spaceships. Furthermore, the considerable large-scale space utilization of Shina's Space Station is planned. The research fields include yet not limited to space medicine and physiology, space life science and biotechnology, fluid physics and combustion in microgravity, space material science, and fundamental physics in microgravity, space astronomy, Earth science, space physics and space environment utilization, technology demonstration.      

United Nations Human Space Technology Initiative (HSTI)

The Human Space Technology Initiative was launched in 2010 within the framework of the United Nations Programme on Space Applications implemented by the Office for Outer Space Affairs of the United Nations. It aims to involve more countries in activities related to human spaceflight and space exploration and to increase the benefits from the outcome of such activities through international cooperation, to make space exploration a truly international effort.     

Roadmap to a human Mars mission

We propose a new roadmap for the preparation of the first human mission to Mars. This proposal is based on the work of ISECG and several recent recommendations on human Mars mission architectures. A table is proposed to compare the possible benefits of different preparatory missions. Particular attention is paid to the possibility of qualifying important systems thanks to a heavy Mars sample return mission. It is shown that this mission is mandatory for the qualification of Mars aerocapture at scale-1, EDL systems at scale 1 and Mars ascent. Moreover, it is a good opportunity to test many other systems, such as the heavy launcher and the transportation systems for the trips beyond LEO. These tests were not mentioned in the last ISECG report. This strategy is facilitated in the case of the simplified Mars mission scenarios that have recently been presented because it is suggested that relatively small vehicles with small crew sizes are used in order to optimize the payload mass fraction of the landing vehicles and to avoid the LEO assembly. An important finding of the study is that a human mission to the surface of the Moon is not required for the qualification of the systems of a human mission to Mars. Since affordability is a key criterion, two important missions are proposed in the roadmap. The first is a heavy Mars sample return mission and the second is a manned mission to a high Earth orbit or eventually to the vicinity of the Moon. It is shown that both missions are complementary and sufficient to qualify all the critical systems of the Mars mission.     

深空探测着陆器数字化设计及着陆性能影响因素

以对称分布四腿悬架式月球着陆器为研究对象,建立了着陆器软着陆过程六自由度动力学模型并改进了月壤摩擦系数模型;在以上动力学模型基础上,以月球着陆器为例编制了着陆器软着陆六自由度动力学分析程序,利用该程序分析了探测器全机月面软着陆性能,重点研究了动力学模型中的月面等效弹性系数、月面摩擦系数和月面倾斜角度等参数对探测器着陆性能的影响。研究表明上述影响因素对着陆器着陆缓冲性能影响显著,通过对以上参数的合理选择可以有效缓解月球探测器月面软着陆的着陆冲击过载。     

应用计算几何的月面太阳辐照度仿真模型

月面太阳辐照度对月面环境分析、月面巡视器设计具有重要意义。文章提出了一种应用计算几何的月面任意位置太阳辐照度仿真模型。首先,计算太阳、地球等天体相对月面点的位置;然后,将各天体投影至以月面点为球心的天球球面,并通过裁剪运算和二维布尔运算得到太阳未被遮挡的形状;最后,利用太阳可见面积对理想太阳辐照度模型进行修正,得到通用的模型。为验证提出模型的有效性,将仿真结果与STK软件进行比较。结果表明,文章中的模型综合考虑了地球、月面等多种因素对太阳辐射的耦合影响,其与STK软件获得的结果相比,更符合真实的太阳光照状态。     

月球软着陆动力学分析与仿真

以4腿式月球探测器为研究对象,分析了探测器的部件结构与物理属性、月球物理环境等综合因素.在探测器动力学研究中,提出了一种基于结构的分块参数化仿真方法,分析探测器着陆时的受力,建立着陆腿与足垫等关键部件的动力学模型,利用简化探测器结构,综合各部分模型.结合虚拟现实可视化仿真技术,实现月球软着陆过程仿真.通过仿真反映出月面坡度与着陆速度、刚度系数与阻尼系数等初始条件对软着陆效果的影响,验证方法的有效性.该方法已成功应用于登月工程研究.     

Comparison of Antarctic riometer radio wave absorption and THEMIS mission energetic electron fluxes

Simultaneous observations of in situ plasma properties in the tail of the Earth’s magnetosphere and of ground based instruments, lying on the same geomagnetic field lines, have recently proved to yield significant new results. In most cases magnetosphere ionosphere interactions during the night-time northern hemisphere conditions are studied. Here, observations of energetic electrons in the tail of the Earth’s magnetosphere made by the THEMIS mission satellites are compared with auroral radio wave absorption determined by riometers in the Antarctic for sunlit conditions. Days for which satellites and riometers are connected by the same geomagnetic field line are selected using a geomagnetic field model. The six days analysed show clear associations between fluxes and absorptions in some cases. However, these do not necessarily correspond to conjugacy intervals. Hours of positive associations are 1.65 times those for negative associations, all hours and days considered (1.42–3.6 on five days and 0.58 on the other day). These computations are assumed appropriate since the footprints of the satellites used approximately follow corrected geomagnetic parallels for all six days studied. The use of a finer parameterization of geomagnetic models to determine conjugacy may be needed.