无人机复杂环境中跟踪运动目标的实时航路规划

在复杂地形环境中,无人机在跟踪运动目标时,现有的航路规划方法在实时性和可行性上存在一定缺陷.提出了一种新的滚动窗口启发方向计算方法,使其能够跟踪运动目标,同时在滚动窗口内采用流函数法进行避障.根据无人机约束,滚动窗口为三角形,并设计了基于行为的伸缩功能.在流函数中,利用水势能方法克服了陷阱地形并进行了航路平滑.仿真结果表明:这种混合算法对于复杂地形条件下跟踪运动目标的航路规划,能够减小规划算法的时间和空间复杂度,使规划出的航路适于无人机飞行.     

刚性车轮月面牵引通过性的模型试验

以重塑模拟月壤为介质,利用深空探测车车轮牵引特性实验台,研究了月面巡视探测器的刚性轮齿车轮与模拟月壤的交互作用,分析了车轮转速、轮上载荷等试验因素对车轮牵引通过性的影响.研究结果表明,当车轮转速较低时,挂钩牵引力随滑转率的增加而不断提高;当车轮转速较高时,存在着临界滑转率点.轮上载荷的增加有利于提高车轮的挂钩牵引力,但对挂钩牵引力系数的影响较小.     

无人作战飞机对地攻击效费比分析

UCAV(Uninhabited Combat Aerial Vehicle)具有高隐身、高机动、不涉及飞行员以及全寿命周期费用低等特点.针对UCAV的特点,应用适应现代作战飞机效费比分析的方法和手段,仿真计算了UCAV的隐身、作战半径、机动能力以及武器装载等主要设计参数与对地攻击效能的关系,计算了UCAV主要设计参数与全寿命周期费用的关系,研究了未来UCAV同有人作战飞机及巡航导弹在面临相同的威胁环境、执行相同的对地攻击任务时的效费比情况,并对UCAV在未来作战中的地位进行了分析.研究表明,UCAV在执行对有防空系统保护的敌重要目标进行攻击的任务时,综合效费比高于巡航导弹和有人隐身飞机.     

用于无人驾驶直升机的中继转发系统设计

无人机是当今世界先进技术的热门载体,针对无人驾驶直升机的特点提出了应用于无人直升机上的中继转发系统的方案,论述了该系统的设计方案、总体结构、工作过程以及实现时遇到的技术难点、解决方案.所描述的中继转发系统与通常意义的中继转发系统最大区别在于所转发的频带宽,达百兆赫兹;该系统具备对远距离信号的转发能力,动态范围达100dB;该系统具备对弱信号检测能力,灵敏度可达-100dBm;采用了多通道窄带传输抗干扰技术,提高了系统的抗干扰性能.该系统搭载在无人驾驶直升机上进行了大量实际飞行试验,试验数据表明,该中继转发系统具有频带宽、灵敏度高与抗干扰能力强的优点,满足项目需求指标.     

A CFD-based numerical virtual flight simulator and its application in control law design of a maneuverable missile model

A CFD-based Numerical Virtual Flight (NVF) simulator is presented, which integrates an unsteady flow solver on moving hybrid grids, a Rigid-Body Dynamics (RBD) solver and a module of the Flight Control System (FCS). A technique of dynamic hybrid grids is developed to control the active control surfaces with body morphing, with a technique of parallel unstructured dynamic overlapping grids generating proper moving grids over the deflecting control surfaces (e.g. the afterbody rudders of a missile). For the flow/kinematic coupled problems, the 6 Degree-Of-Freedom (DOF) equations are solved by an explicit or implicit method coupled with the URANS CFD solver. The module of the control law is explicitly coupled into the NVF simulator and then improved by the simulation of the pitching maneuver process of a maneuverable missile model. A nonlinear dynamic inversion method is then implemented to design the control law for the pitching process of the maneuverable missile model. Simulations and analysis of the pitching maneuver process are carried out by the NVF simulator to improve the flight control law. Higher control response performance is obtained by adjusting the gain factors and adding an integrator into the control loop.     

Six sigma robust design optimization for thermal protection system of hypersonic vehicles based on successive response surface method

Lightweight design is important for the Thermal Protection System(TPS) of hypersonic vehicles in that it protects the inner structure from severe heating environment. However, due to the existence of uncertainties in material properties and geometry, it is imperative to incorporate uncertainty analysis into the design optimization to obtain reliable results. In this paper, a six sigma robust design optimization based on Successive Response Surface Method(SRSM) is established for the TPS to improve the reliability and robustness with considering the uncertainties. The uncertain parameters related to material properties and thicknesses of insulation layers are considered and characterized by random variables following normal distributions. By employing SRSM, the values of objective function and constraints are approximated by the response surfaces to reduce computational cost. The optimization is an iterative process with response surfaces updating to find the true optimal solution. The optimization of the nose cone of hypersonic vehicle cabin is provided as an example to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

智能方法在惯性系统误差参数辨识中的应用

总结了目前我国提高惯性系统导航精度的技术途径,阐述了国内外惯性系统误差参数辨识方法的研究现状,介绍了当前滤波算法、智能优化算法和人工神经网络方法在惯性系统导航领域的应用情况以及存在的不足。最后,分析了空间飞行器惯性系统误差参数辨识技术的未来研究方向,即智能优化算法和人工神经网络方法等智能方法将在惯性系统误差参数辨识中发挥越来越重要的作用,通过将误差系数标定问题转换为参数辨识问题,采用智能方法在庞大的解空间内实现对惯性系统误差参数的快速辨识。     

某类跨大气层飞行器全航程红外辐射特性分析

针对某类跨大气层飞行器飞行过程中需要进出大气层,且飞行速度跨度大等特点,建立了不同空域、不同飞行速度下的机体头部受热模型。当在大气层内飞行时分别使用经验公式和Lees公式计算马赫数小于5和大于5时头部受热情况,当在大气层外飞行时建立了考虑太阳直射、地球反照和地球红外加热情况下的受热模型。利用普朗克定律得到了相同温度下不同波段的红外辐射能量占比情况。最后利用本方法对某类跨大气层飞行器进行了温度和红外辐射计算,得到的计算结果能够大致反映全航程头部温度和红外辐射变化情况。     

高超飞行器进气道/内流道流动特性试验

用Ma∞=7风洞试验的方法研究了一种吸气式高超声速飞行器二维进气道/内流道的流场特征与起动特性.试验结果表明:在来流总压0.5～1.9 MPa、单位雷诺数2.48×106～7>.95×106范围内,进气道起动的前提下,进气道/内流道沿程压力分布受来流总压、雷诺数的影响变化很小;在进气道外压缩段流动未受干扰前进气道隔离段最大可承受反压约为250倍自由来流压力;未加侧板时该进气道具有自起动能力,加侧板后隔离段出口压力有所增加;在设计点工况,该进气道增压比42.9,总压恢复0.27,出口马赫数2.76.