复合材料带缠绕成型过程建模及工艺参数优化

复合材料带缠绕成型过程中,成型工艺参数的选取决定了缠绕制品的性能。采用正交实验法研究各工艺参数对缠绕制品层间剪切强度的影响规律和敏感度,并将正交试验数据与神经网络理论相结合,对带缠绕成型过程进行建模,得到缠绕成型工艺参数与层间剪切强度之间的非线性映射关系,并通过实验验证了模型的可靠性。在此基础上,利用粒子群优化方法在可行工艺参数域内对缠绕成型工艺参数进行优化。仿真与实验结果表明,基于神经网络模型的工艺参数粒子群优化算法能够快速、准确的得到带缠绕成型的全局最优工艺参数组合。使得缠绕制品层间剪切强度达到最优的工艺参数组合为:加热温度115℃,缠绕张力357 N,压辊压力1006 N和缠绕速度0.28 m/s,在最优工艺参数作用下,缠绕制品的层间剪切强度达到102.2 MPa。     

ITO透明导电膜的制备及性能

研究了用直流反应磁控溅射法在无机玻璃基片上制备ＩＴＯ透明导电膜的工艺;测试了膜的电阻率、对可见光的透射率及对垂直入射微波的反射率和透射率;研究了反应溅射时氧浓度、溅射后退火气氛对电阻率和透光率的影响;ＩＴＯ膜方块电阻对微波反射率和透射率的影响     

C/SiC复合材料热辐射性能研究

利用稳态量热计法和傅里叶红外光谱仪分别测定了C/SiC复合材料在90℃时的半球向总发射率和室温法向光谱反射率.研究了纤维预制体编织方式、涂层厚度及表面形貌对C/SiC复合材料热辐射性能的影响.结果表明,3D C/SiC复合材料的热辐射性能优于2D C/SiC.2D C/SiC的总发射率为0.78,3D C/SiC达到0.82;SiC涂层厚度对C/SiC复合材料的热辐射性能影响很大,随着SiC涂层厚度的增加,C/SiC总发射率先降低后上升,最高值可达0.85;表面抛光后C/SiC复合材料热辐射性能有所下降,2D和3D C/SiC总发射率分别为0.74和0.75.     

The management of stray radiation issues in space optical systems

The performance of infrared and submillimeter systems can be severely degraded by stray light. Stray light includes off-axis radiation, system diffraction and scattering effects, and thermal self-emission. The purpose of this paper is to identify several keys to preventing system degradation due to stray radiation. The first key is to apply stray light design rules and analysis techniques early in the program before the design is finalized. A systems level analysis using stray light analysis software is often necessary in order to identify more subtle problems and to assess the magnitude of their effect on system performance. Another key is to address contamination control and the choice of surface coatings early in the program. The management of stray radiation issues is extremely cost-effective, if begun early in the program, and can reduce later schedule hardships.     

Retrieval of vegetation equivalent water thickness from reflectance using genetic algorithm (GA)-partial least squares (PLS) regression

This study aimed to investigate the performance of genetic algorithms coupled with partial least squares (GA-PLS) modeling of spectral reflectance in retrieving equivalent water thickness (EWT) at leaf and canopy level. A genetic algorithm was used to identify a subset of spectral bands sensitive to the variation in EWT, and PLS was then applied to relate the identified bands to EWT values. GA-PLS was applied to leaf level reflectance available from LOPEX dataset, and canopy data includes reflectance simulated by a leaf radiative transfer model PROSPECT and a canopy radiative transfer model SAILH and acquired by airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS). The results indicate that GA-PLS has the capability of retrieving EWT from leaf and canopy reflectance, and achieved good estimation accuracy, i.e. low root mean square errors (RMSE) and high squared correlation coefficients (R²). For the retrieval at leaf level, the estimation accuracy can be as good as RMSE = 0.0019 g/cm² and R² = 0.939 or better. For the retrieval at canopy level, the model accuracy is RMSE = 0.0061 g/cm² and R² = 0.966 or better when PROSPECT-SAILH simulated reflectance was used; when AVIRIS image spectra were used, the model accuracy is RMSE = 0.0094 g/cm² and R² = 0.8734 for the calibration, and RMSE = 0.0132 g/cm² and R² = 0.7756 for the validation. These results from GA-PLS modeling support the conclusion that GA-PLS has the potential to be applied to AVIRIS, Hyperion and HyMap imagery for retrieving EWT. The selected bands for the AVIRIS datasets differ from those for the LOPEX and PROSPECT-SAILH simulated datasets, and this inconsistence of the selected bands for different datasets indicates that the GA-PLS method has the advantage of tuning the optimum bands for PLS regression and accommodating the effects of confounding factors.     

Simultaneous determination of aerosol- and surface characteristics from top-of-atmosphere reflectance using MERIS on board of ENVISAT

The determination of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) from nadir scanning multi-spectral radiometers, like SeaWiFS, MERIS or MODIS, requires the separation of spectral atmospheric and surface properties. Since SeaWiFS and MERIS do not provide information at 2.1 μm, like MODIS, the estimation of the surface reflectance cannot be made by the cross correlation approach described by Kaufman et al., 1997. The BAER approach (Bremen AErosol Retrieval), von Hoyningen-Huene et al., 2003, uses a linear mixing model of spectra for ‘green vegetation’ and ‘bare soil’, tuned by the NDVI, determining an apparent surface to enable this separation of aerosol and surface properties from VIS and NIR channels. Thus AOT can be derived over a wide range of land surfaces for wavelengths <0.67 μm. Using MERIS L1 data over Europe, the AOT retrieved is comparable with ground-based observations, provided by AERONET. Regional variation of AOT can be observed, showing the atmospheric variability for clear sky conditions by: large scale variation of aerosol turbidity, regional pollution, urban regions, effects of contrails and cases of aerosol-cloud interaction. Simultaneously with the spectral AOT also spectral surface reflectance is obtained, where all atmospheric influences have been considered (molecules, aerosols and absorbing gases (O₃)) for channels with wavelengths <0.67 μm. The AOT is extrapolated by Angström power law to NIR channels and the atmospheric correction for land surface properties is performed, enabling the further investigation of land use and spectral land properties.     

圆化处理法制备高效大尺寸多晶黑硅太阳电池

采用金属辅助化学腐蚀法制备了多晶黑硅,并研究了极低浓度NaOH溶液对扩孔后黑硅结构的圆化作用及其对多晶黑硅太阳电池性能的影响。用扫描电镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)和量子效率(Quantum efficiency, QE)测试仪对黑硅表面形貌及黑硅电池性能进行了表征。结果表明,利用极低浓度的NaOH圆化扩孔后黑硅的尖端及棱角可以减少表面复合的影响。处理后的黑硅表面孔洞均匀且平滑,黑硅太阳电池400~900 nm可见光波段平均反射率为4.15%,批量生产的电池平均转换效率达到17.94%,比常规酸制绒工艺制备的电池平均转换效率提高了0.35%。     

主带彗星探测的科学目的及光谱仪设计构想

由于主带彗星富含水冰等挥发分并且位于火星与木星之间的小行星带区域,因此很可能是给早期地球带来水资源的天体,自从20世纪初期被发现以来引起了行星科学界的极大兴趣,是未来绕飞探测的重要候选目标。总结了主带彗星133P光谱探测的科学目标,并根据不同成分光谱特征分析和热特性研究需求,提出光谱仪的主要指标构想。谱段需覆盖可见至甚长波红外(0.4～50μm),通过可见红外成像光谱仪和热辐射光谱仪两台载荷分别覆盖0.4～5μm和5～50μm的波段范围。可见红外成像光谱仪采用紧凑型光栅分光系统设计,光谱分辨率在可见光谱段优于5 nm,红外谱段优于10 nm,5 km探测距离下空间分辨优于0.5 m,通过低温制冷抑制背景辐射噪声,保证信噪比优于100。热辐射光谱仪采用时间调制型干涉分光方案,由一台双角镜摆臂式干涉仪实现5～50μm的分光,光谱分辨率8 cm~(-1),5 km探测距离下空间分辨率优于10 m,采用非制冷热释电探测器。通过对两台光谱仪研制过程中涉及的关键技术进行分析,为后续开展工程研制奠定基础。     

A surface reflectance correction model to improve the retrieval of MISR aerosol optical depth supported by MODIS data

Combined use of different satellite sensors are known to improve retrievals of aerosol optical depth (AOD). In this study, we propose a new method for retrieving Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) AOD data supported by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data in Jiangsu Province, China, over the period of 2016–2018 using MODIS L1B, bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), MISR 1B2T, and ground-measured AOD data. This method is based on the surface reflectance determined by the MODIS V5.2 algorithm. Through the observation angle and spectral conversion between different sensors, the MISR AOD can be obtained. The correlation coefficient (R) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) between the retrieved MISR and ground-measured AOD data varied between different seasons. The accuracy of the MISR AOD retrieval was notably improved after correcting the MISR surface reflectance. Therefore, the method proposed in this study is feasible for the retrieval of MISR AOD supported by MODIS data, and will be applicable to atmospheric environmental monitoring over large areas in the future.     

铝基微结构光栅几何参数反演

微结构光栅是一种广泛应用的电子元件。采用随机微粒群优化(SPSO)算法反演了一维铝基衬底矩形光栅的几何结构参数。首先介绍了严格耦合波分析(RCWA)法和微粒群优化算法的基本原理,并采用RCWA法求解了光栅内电磁场问题;然后根据正问题求得的光栅光谱反射率建立目标函数,并采用SPSO算法优化目标函数,反演得到单槽和双槽矩形光栅的周期、凸脊宽度和凹槽深度;最后分析了种群大小和搜索区间对反演结果的影响。结果表明,SPSO算法可以准确地反演光栅几何结构参数,并推荐种群数取30。