当量油气比对内燃波转子燃烧特性的影响

为了研究当量油气比对内燃波转子燃烧特性的影响规律,采用控制变量法,保持内燃波转子转速、混气填充速度不变,通过调节燃料喷射体积流量改变混气的当量油气比。在不同的当量油气比下开展内燃波转子燃烧特性试验。试验结果表明:当量油气比对于内燃波转子燃烧过程影响很大,随着当量油气比的增加,内燃波转子获得的燃烧压力增益增大,在内燃波转子转速为900r/min、混气填充速度为6.741m/s、当量油气比为1.442时,6个工作循环内平均燃烧压力增益达到246.29％,火焰平均传播速度随当量油气比呈类似正态分布,在化学恰当比附近达到最大10.8m/s。当量油气比小于1时,两组工况下火焰锋面呈向下倾斜状传播,当量油气比大于1时,两组工况下火焰锋面呈向上倾斜状传播。      

View-dependent progressive transmission and rendering for lunar model based on bicubic subdivision-surface wavelet

Given the fact that the back of the digital lunar model is invisible from any viewpoint, a view-dependent progressive transmission and rendering method for lunar model is proposed and a client-server browsing system is implemented. On the server side, the semi-regular lunar surface is partitioned into dozens of segments, and each segment is compressed independently using bicubic subdivision-surface wavelet and SPIHT. For any viewpoint, only the data of the visible segments are transmitted to the client side progressively, then decoded and locally reconstructed there. This approach not only improves the efficiency of transmission, but also reduces the reconstruction time greatly. We can browse the lunar model on the client almost in realtime.     

火星探测器降落伞拉直过程中的“绳帆”现象研究

针对火星探测器降落伞在拉直过程中出现的“绳帆”现象,以及火星探测器降落伞开伞前初始参数和大气密度与地球环境下的差异,建立了火星探测器降落伞拉直过程的数学模型,研究了火星环境下,伞包弹射速度、开伞前进入器的攻角、开伞马赫数以及大气密度对“绳帆”现象的影响。研究结果表明,选择较大的伞包弹射速度,并将开伞前进入器的攻角严格限定在较小范围内,将有利于避免或降低“绳帆”现象的发生。这一研究结果可为我国实施火星探测时减速着陆系统的设计分析提供一定参考。     

Calculation of fast neutron removal cross sections for different lunar soils

The interaction of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) and solar energetic particles (SEPs) with the lunar surface produces secondary radiations as neutrons. The study of the production and attenuation of these neutrons in the lunar soil is very important to estimate the annual ambient dose equivalent on the lunar surface and for lunar nuclear spectroscopy. Also, understanding the attenuation of fast neutrons in lunar soils can help in measuring of the lunar neutron density profile and to measure the neutron flux on the lunar surface. In this paper, the attenuation of fast neutrons in different lunar soils is investigated. The macroscopic effective removal cross section (_ΣR)$({\mathrm{\Sigma }}_R)$ of fast neutrons was theoretically calculated from the mass removal cross-section values (_ΣR/ρ)$({\mathrm{\Sigma }}_R/\rho )$ for various elements in soils. The obtained values of (_ΣR)$({\mathrm{\Sigma }}_R)$ were discussed according to the density. The results show that the attenuation of fast neutrons is more important in the landing sites of Apollo 12 and Luna 16 than the other landing sites of Apollo and Luna missions.     

同波束干涉测量差分相时延观测模型研究及验证

针对月球轨道交会对接地面高精度引导需求,对同波束干涉测量差分相延观测模型进行分析验证。根据甚长基线干涉测量几何时延观测量同一波前的定义,推导出同波束差分时延观测量的观测模型。并提出一种精确的同波束干涉测量差分相时延闭合算法,同时结合SELENE任务实测的数据计算差分相时延闭合值,用于对观测模型进行验证。实测数据计算结果表明,采用本文提出的精确算法显著地消除同一波前差分相时延闭合值中的趋势项,差分相时延闭合值的精度在0.5ps~1ps范围内,验证了观测模型的正确性。该研究对于后续的月球交会对接地面高精度测定轨任务分析设计将具有一定的参考价值。     

Modified energy cascade model adapted for a multicrop Lunar greenhouse prototype

Models are required to accurately predict mass and energy balances in a bioregenerative life support system. A modified energy cascade model was used to predict outputs of a multi-crop (tomatoes, potatoes, lettuce and strawberries) Lunar greenhouse prototype. The model performance was evaluated against measured data obtained from several system closure experiments. The model predictions corresponded well to those obtained from experimental measurements for the overall system closure test period (five months), especially for biomass produced (0.7% underestimated), water consumption (0.3% overestimated) and condensate production (0.5% overestimated). However, the model was less accurate when the results were compared with data obtained from a shorter experimental time period, with 31%, 48% and 51% error for biomass uptake, water consumption, and condensate production, respectively, which were obtained under more complex crop production patterns (e.g. tall tomato plants covering part of the lettuce production zones). These results, together with a model sensitivity analysis highlighted the necessity of periodic characterization of the environmental parameters (e.g. light levels, air leakage) in the Lunar greenhouse.     

六轮摇臂式月球探测车协调驱动自适应模糊容错控制

为提高复杂和未知环境中六轮摇臂式月球探测车的驱动控制系统的可靠性,防止因执行器故障引起的月球车失控,提出一种基于滑转率的协调驱动自适应模糊容错控制方法。该方法用模糊逻辑系统逼近系统的未知动态和未知的故障函数,并通过所设计的误差补偿器来减少逼近误差对跟踪精度的影响。基于Lyapunov理论,证明了所设计的容错控制方案不但能使跟踪误差收敛到原点的小邻域内,而且通过适当增大设计参数的值,可使跟踪误差减小。此外,为便于应用给出了详细的容错控制器设计步骤,并对控制器中参数的选取给出了示例。仿真结果表明该控制律具有较高的控制精度,并且对外部干扰有很强的鲁棒性。

     

大角度月面异面动力上升制导策略研究

针对月球探测器大角度异面动力上升入轨问题,提出了一种共面间接上升策略。该策略基于显式制导(E制导)律和轨道机动原理,经过共面动力上升、轨道滑翔2个过程和2次轨道机动,实现大角度异面上升。仿真结果表明:1)E制导律均能实现共面和异面的在线实时制导;2)与传统的平面修正上升策略相比,燃料一定时,轨道转移方法发射窗口明显较大,这在实际应用中应对突发紧急情况随时准备月面起飞有重要的工程意义。     

嫦娥三号探测器连续姿控的轨道动力学模型补偿及实现

针对嫦娥三号探测器的连续姿控喷气对飞行轨道产生的扰动影响,在精密定轨中建立了经验力补偿模型,并使用最小二乘估计算法计算经验力模型参数与探测器轨道。通过重叠弧段轨道精度评估法对该模型补偿效果进行了验证,结果显示,定轨预报的星历误差以及拟合残差均有所改善,特别是环月轨道的定轨精度由百米量级提高到十米量级。     

钻取式自动采样机构螺旋钻杆结构参数的多目标优化

分析了螺旋钻杆的输出月壤原理和输出月壤阻力（阻力矩）以及综合考虑了螺旋槽内月壤对钻杆驱动力矩的影响、螺旋升角的取值范围和钻杆的轴向钻进功率后建立了钻杆驱动力矩、轴向加载力及功耗的模型。利用该模型分析了钻杆外径、螺旋槽深、槽宽比及螺旋升角等结构参数对钻杆驱动力矩和轴向加载力的影响,获得了钻杆结构参数对钻杆驱动力矩和轴向加载力的影响规律。以钻杆质量和功耗最小为双优化目标,以钻杆外径、螺旋槽深、槽宽比及螺旋升角等结构参数为设计变量,基于遗传算法对钻杆结构参数进行了优化,优化后的功耗较优化前降低了31.8%,钻杆质量减小了23.3%。总体减少了钻探风险,可为钻取式自动采样机构的设计提供理论依据。