动载作用下管内汽水两相流传热特性

设计搭建了旋转平台,采用电加热的方法对过载状态下径向水平管内汽水两相流流动及传热特性进行了实验研究.实验测试段为内径20 mm、长400 mm的有机玻璃圆管.通过调节转台转速来实现不同过载量,进而研究过载状态下汽水两相流传热机理.结果表明:随着过载的增大,管内两相流压力增大,流阻急剧增大,流量减小,空隙率减小,换热量减小,管外传热系数增大.      

CAS-1 lunar soil simulant

Lunar soil simulant is a geochemical reproduction of lunar regolith, and is needed for lunar science and engineering researches. This paper describes a new lunar soil simulant, CAS-1, prepared by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, to support lunar orbiter, soft-landing mission and sample return missions of China’s Lunar Exploration Program, which is scheduled for 2004–2020. Such simulants should match the samples returned from the Moon, all collected from the lunar regolith rather than outcrops. The average mineral and chemical composition of lunar soil sample returned from the Apollo 14 mission, which landed on the Fra Mauro Formation, is chosen as the model for the CAS-1 simulant. Source material for this simulant was a low-Ti basaltic scoria dated at 1600 years from the late Quaternary volcanic area in the Changbai Mountains of northeast China. The main minerals of this rock are pyroxene, olivine, and minor plagioclase, and about 20–40% modal glass. The scoria was analyzed by XRF and found to be chemically similar to Apollo 14 lunar sample 14163. It was crushed in an impact mill with a resulting median particle size 85.9 μm, similar to Apollo soils. Bulk density, shear resistance, complex permittivity, and reflectance spectra were also similar to Apollo 14 soil. We conclude that CAS-1 is an ideal lunar soil simulant for science and engineering research of future lunar exploration program.     

Second post-Newtonian approximation of scalar-tensor theory of gravity

Deep space laser ranging missions like ASTROD I (Single-Spacecraft Astrodynamical Space Test of Relativity using Optical Devices) and ASTROD, together with astrometry missions like GAIA and LATOR will be able to test relativistic gravity to an unprecedented level of accuracy. More precisely, these missions will enable us to test relativistic gravity to 10^-7–10^-9${10}^{-7}''–''{10}^{-9}$ of the size of relativistic (post-Newtonian) effects, and will require second post-Newtonian approximation of relevant theories of gravity. The first post-Newtonian approximation is valid to 10^-6${10}^{-6}$ and the second post-Newtonian approximation is valid to 10^-12${10}^{-12}$ in terms of post-Newtonian effects in the solar system. The scalar-tensor theory is widely discussed and used in tests of relativistic gravity, especially after the interests in inflation models and in dark energy models. In the Lagrangian, intermediate-range gravity term has a similar form as cosmological term. Here we present the full second post-Newtonian approximation of the scalar-tensor theory including viable examples of intermediate-range gravity. We use Chandrasekhar’s approach to derive the metric coefficients and the equation of the hydrodynamics governing a perfect fluid in the second post-Newtonian approximation in scalar-tensor theory; all terms inclusive of O(c^-4)$\mathrm{O}(c^{-4})$ are retained consistently in the equations of motion.     

基于不同天文标准计算地球引力对卫星轨道的影响

建立了一个考虑地球非球形引力摄动的卫星轨道摄动模型并用C＋＋语言编写程序进行轨道计算,其积分器采用Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg7（8）。建模过程中,对岁差、章动等量的计算分别考虑了美国海军天文台1981年和2005年的两种天文标准。通过与STK对比,发现无论采用哪一种标准,轨道传播两天后的位置误差都不会超过分米量级,速度误差不会超过毫米每秒的量级。说明了建模和编程计算的合理性,以及采用新旧两种天文标准计算卫星轨道的差别甚小。     

中尺度电离层扰动的统计色散特性

利用Millstone Hill(288.5E,42.6N)地区的数字测高仪漂移模观测数据,统计分析了中尺度电离层行扰(TID)的色散特性.分析结果表明,该地区的TID在扰动频率-相速度平面的分布中存在若干明显的扰动出现率峰值.比较相应的理论研究结果发现,观测到的TID大都可以用不同的受导重力波传播模式加以解释: 频率较高的TID可以用地面和热层底部维持的各阶完全制导模解释,频率相对较低的TID可以用传统理论给出的由热层底部陡峭的温度梯度维持的L₁模和我们新近提出的由热层背景风场所维持的各阶导管模解释.      

月球探测器软着陆机构发展综述

综述了月球探测器软着陆机构的发展概况;分析了国际上月球探测器软着陆机构的结构组成、工作原理及特点。对不同展开机构和缓冲器特点进行了分析,预测了月球探测器软着陆机构的发展趋势。     

环月卫星成像敏感器对月姿态确定算法

紫外月球敏感器是大视场成像式敏感器,针对姿态确定算法,以MOSAIC可见光成像敏感器为例分析了传统圆拟合模式的适用性与不足;推证出在低轨道情况下曲线拟合出的月像几何中心与真实月心(nadir)不能等同;依据成像几何分析通过泰勒展开公式推导并提出了新的姿态角运算方法,保证了低轨道姿态运算精度;仿真结果显示新算法的姿态运算是非常有效的。     

Introduction to Japanese exploration study to the moon

The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) views the lunar lander SELENE-2 as the successor to the SELENE mission. In this presentation, the mission objectives of SELENE-2 are shown together with the present design status of the spacecraft. JAXA launched the Kaguya (SELENE) lunar orbiter in September 2007, and the spacecraft observed the Moon and a couple of small satellites using 15 instruments. As the next step in lunar exploration, the lunar lander SELENE-2 is being considered. SELENE-2 will land on the lunar surface and perform in-situ scientific observations, environmental investigations, and research for future lunar utilization including human activity. At the same time, it will demonstrate key technologies for lunar and planetary exploration such as precise and safe landing, surface mobility, and overnight survival. The lander will carry laser altimeters, image sensors, and landing radars for precise and safe landing. Landing legs and a precisely controlled propulsion system will also be developed. A rover is being designed to be able to travel over a wide area and observe featured terrain using scientific instruments. Since some of the instruments require long-term observation on the lunar surface, technology for night survival over more than 2 weeks needs to be considered. The SELENE-2 technologies are expected to be one of the stepping stones towards future Japanese human activities on the moon and to expand the possibilities for deep space science.     

低重环境下圆柱贮箱内液体晃动特性研究的一种解析法

考虑低重环境下圆柱贮箱内由于表面张力影响而呈现弯曲自由液面的情况,利用Fourier Bessel级数对贮箱受横向激励时的自由液面处的边界条件进行展开,得到液体晃动系统的广义状态方程,给出了固有频率、晃动波高、晃动力和晃动力矩等晃动特性的计算公式。通过数值算例与文献结果对比,在验证文中方法正确性的同时,具体研究了各晃动特性随充液深度、外激励频率和Bond数等参数变化的规律。     

一种刚、柔机械臂组合的月壤取样器动力学分析

针对月球表取任务,本文提出一种由三个刚性臂和一个柔性臂组合、结构新颖的月壤取样器。该取样器具有收缩体积小、工作空间大和重量轻的优点。重点描述了柔性臂的驱动机构设计。采用虚功原理建立了柔性臂的柔性动力学模型,并采用Wilson theta的数值计算方法分析了取样器的动力学特性。通过动力学响应确定了取样器的工作极限。最后通过仿真和实验验证了该柔性动力学分析的正确性。