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221.
航天事业在20世纪已取得显著进展和辉煌成就。21世纪即将来临。在21世纪,世界航天如何发展、将取得哪些重大成就,是人们关注的话题。为此,笔者根据有关材料汇编了这份材料,以供参考。共4讲,第一、二讲已刊登在本刊1998年第4期,下面为第三、四讲。 相似文献
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针对传统着陆器缓冲装置无法复用的不足,提出了一种可重复使用的小型着陆器,通过各关节上的摩擦制动装置吸收着陆冲击能量,由电机及扭簧组件实现再次起飞后着陆腿的姿态恢复,可满足多点飞跃探测的月表探测任务。完成了一维落震中单套着陆腿在竖直方向上的缓冲吸能动力学分析;基于径向基(RBF)代理模型,面向三种典型着陆工况,采用多目标协同优化方法,对单套着陆腿各关节制动扭矩进行了优化,优化后的缓冲吸能关节可有效降低着陆器在落震过程中的加速度峰值。最后进行了整机多工况落震仿真分析,结果表明,各着陆响应均满足设计要求,也可保证良好的着陆过程稳定性,可为中国后续开展星表单次任务多点位探测提供一种可行的解决方案。 相似文献
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基于月壤和水冰对不同谱段近红外激光存在吸收/反射差异性的特点,提出了采用多模近红外激光光强差异反演月壤含水特性的水冰原位快速预判方法。通过发射/接收光路同轴设计及多模激光光路分时复用设计,实现了多模激光光学系统轻小型化设计,研制出基于多模近红外激光的月壤水冰原位快速预判传感器工程样机,并开展了针对低含水率极区模拟月壤的含水特性原位预判试验。试验结果表明:该传感器水冰检测限可达0.39%,单次预判时间可优于1 s,光斑直径@检测距离为5 cm@500 mm,传感器具备对地面模拟月壤含水特性进行原位快速预判的能力。 相似文献
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《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2023,71(1):1-15
The site selection and certification processes for planetary landers equipped with hazard avoidance capability are reviewed. The prior (large-scale) ‘landability’ of the target areas determined from orbital remote sensing can be only a few tens of per cent (~40 % for Perseverance, ~80–90 % for Apollo 11 and 60–70 % for subsequent Apollo landers) because on-board sensing is able to find safe areas at smaller scales (meters to tens of meters) than the delivery ellipse which may be several to several tens of kilometers across. This contrasts with the ‘blind’ landings of unguided missions, where safe terrain occupying 95–99 % of the landing ellipse are typically sought. The particulars of Apollo 11 and Perseverance/Ingenuity are discussed, together with the similar Chang-E-3 and Tianwen-1 Moon and Mars landers, and the Hayabusa-2 and OSIRIS-REx asteroid contacts, since these missions all used on-board terrain-relative navigation to steer relative to hazards either mapped previously or detected in real-time. These missions set the context for the application of these techniques to the Dragonfly mission to Titan, which has a more austere remote sensing basis on which to select a landing site, but whose rotor propulsion allows substantial divert capability. 相似文献
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A.S. Laxmiprasad V.L.N. Sridhar Raja Surya Menon Adwaita Goswami M.V.H. Rao K.A. Lohar 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
A miniaturized in situ laser induced breakdown spectroscope-LIBS is one of the two lunar rover payloads to be flown in India’s next lunar mission Chandrayaan-2, with an objective to carry-out a precise qualitative and quantitative elemental analyses of lunar regolith at the proximity of the landing region. As per the imposed mission constraints and the executed design optimization studies, a compact and light-weight LIBS prototype model is developed at our premises. This paper mainly concerns with the estimation of theoretical aspects; especially on evaluation of elemental ablation parameters and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculations for the designed instrument. Theoretical estimations and simulations yielded an incident laser power density of the order of 5 × 1010 W/cm2 on the target surface at a defined lens-to-surface distance (LTSD) of 200 mm and revealed an SNR > 100 for most of the elements under consideration. This paper also addresses the impact of LTSD variation on detection capability. The estimation of plasma-temperatures was carried out utilizing the emission spectra obtained under high vacuum environments employing the LIBS laboratory model. Experimental investigations and the performed theoretical estimations asserted the successful operation of the configured LIBS instrument for in situ elemental analyses on lunar surface. 相似文献