Human response to high-background radiation environments on Earth and in space

The main long-term objective of the space exploration program is the colonization of the planets of the Solar System. The high cosmic radiation equivalent dose rate represents an inescapable problem for the safe establishment of permanent human settlements on these planets. The unshielded equivalent dose rate on Mars ranges between 100 and 200 mSv/year, depending on the Solar cycle and altitude, and can reach values as high as 360 mSv/year on the Moon. The average annual effective dose on Earth is about 3 mSv, nearly 85% of which comes from natural background radiation, reduced to less than 1 mSv if man-made sources and the internal exposure to Rn daughters are excluded. However, some areas on Earth display anomalously high levels of background radiation, as is the case with thorium-rich monazite bearing sand deposits where values 200–400 times higher than the world average can be found. About 2% of the world’s population live above 3 km and receive a disproportionate 10% of the annual effective collective dose due to cosmic radiation, with a net contribution to effective dose by the neutron component which is 3–4 fold that at sea level. Thus far, epidemiological studies have failed to show any adverse health effects in the populations living in these terrestrial high-background radiation areas (HBRA), which provide an unique opportunity to study the health implications of an environment that, as closely as possibly achievable on Earth, resembles the chronic exposure of future space colonists to higher-than-normal levels of ionizing radiation. Chromosomal aberrations in the peripheral blood lymphocytes from the HBRA residents have been measured in several studies because chromosomal damage represents an early biomarker of cancer risk. Similar cytogenetic studies have been recently performed in a cohort of astronauts involved in single or repeated space flights over many years. The cytogenetic findings in populations exposed to high dose-rate background radiation on Earth or in space will be discussed.     

测控装备机内测试设备计量校准技术研究

研究测控装备机内测试设备计量校准方法，获取机内测试设备技术状态的准确信息，是确保测控装备量值准确可靠的基础。以系统理论为指导，研究测控装备机内测试设备的工作运行机理和计量校准方法，选取某型测控装备，分析其技术要求、确定校准点、校准接口和校准设备，明确计量校准项目和参数，对提出的测控装备机内测试设备计量校准方法进行实验验证，为今后开展机内测试设备计量校准提供了方法和依据。     

Experimental study on NOx emission correlation of fuel staged combustion in a LPP combustor at high pressure based on NO-chemiluminescence

Experimental investigations on NO_x emissions of a single-cup, Lean Premixed Prevaporized (LPP), module combustor were carried out at elevated inlet temperature and pressure up to 810 K and 2.0 MPa, close to the real operating conditions of aero-engine combustors. This LPP combustor adopts centrally staged fuel injections which could produce separated stratified swirling spray flame. In the NO_x emissions measurements, the ranges of dome equivalence ratio and fuel stage ratio were from 0.55 to 0.58 and 8% to 24%, respectively. The optical diagnosis on separated stratified swirling spray flame were carried out with fuel stage ratio changing from 15% to 30%. Therefore, NO* and OH* chemiluminescence images were obtained. The results show that NO_x emissions increase with the increase of the fuel stage ratio. And from the chemiluminescence images, the main flame and pilot flame are found weakly coupled. The pilot flame plays a significant role in NO_x emission production because of its higher adiabatic flame temperature. Based on the results of chemiluminescence optical tests, a new NO_x emission prediction model is proposed based on the Lefebvre’s single flame model. The estimate of local equivalence ratio of the pilot stage’s non-premixed flame is modified considering the characteristics of spray combustion, and a “PLUS” emission prediction model suitable for separated stratified swirling spray flame is obtained. Compared to the experimental data, the “PLUS” model exhibits a good prediction in a range of ±13% of deviation.     

时域中低阶等效系统方法及其应用

介绍了用低阶等效系统拟配高阶飞机时间反应的新方法，该方法利用飞行试验中收集的飞机输入和输出数据识别飞机动力学特性，以变稳飞机ＮＴ－３３Ａ飞行试验为例，预测和评定了不同构形情况下的有关飞行品质，并与带宽准则估计结果和实际驾驶员评定进行了比较，结果证明该方法适用于飞行试验中飞行品质的评定。     

典型散射体低频特性估计

本文探讨了几种典型金属物体的低频散射问题。介绍了低频散射截面的计算方法；对计算结果进行了分析；并就雷达目标低频散射特性提出了作者的观点。     

基于化学反应器网络模型法的预混气组分对NOx反应路径影响研究

摘 要：为探究预混气组分对不同反应路径下NOx生成影响,针对高压射流反应器,基于CFD流场特征等,构建优化了单PSR、2PSR、3PSR以及PSR+PFR四种化学反应器网络模型。在贫预混燃烧条件下,研究了纯CH4及其混合气燃烧时不同反应路径下NOx的生成情况,得出了燃烧室内不同反应区域每条反应路径NOx的生成量。结果表明,纯CH4燃烧产生的NOx主要来自于热力型、快速型和N2O-中间体型三条反应路径。绝热火焰温度的提高主要促进了热力型和N2O-中间体型NOx的生成。随着CH4或CO中加入H2摩尔分数的增加,NOx排放总量降低,快速型NOx生成速率降低,特别是火焰刷区域的。另外,混合气中CO摩尔分数的增加会导致NOx生成量增多。     

一种改进的基于LDPC码的信源信道联合译码方法

提出一种改进的将LDPC迭代译码和隐马尔可夫估计相融合的迭代译码算法。一方面通过隐马尔可夫信源估计获取信源残留冗余,作为外信息提供给LDPC迭代译码;另一方面,通过LDPC迭代译码获得更精确的信源估计模型参数,加快迭代收敛速度,获得更好的迭代译码性能。其优点是无需知道任何关于信源的先验信息,计算复杂度低,并行操作性强,尤其适用于宽带多媒体传输。     

某无线电定高装置可靠性评估

根据某无线电定高装置的可靠性模型、寿命模型和试验信息，利用概率统计方法估算可靠度置信下限，以检验某无线电定高装置的可靠性是否达到规定要求，并以此验证可靠性设计的合理性。评估结果表明，该装置的可靠性指标满足有关要求。     

基于频域的低频UWB SAR辐射校正

低频UWBSAR系统具有的超宽带特性,大处理角特性和低频特性使得常规SAR辐射校准技术不再适用。针对系统特性,本文给出了低频UWBSAR的辐射校准方法,并在计算机仿真中验证了该方法的有效性。     

低密度大气中降落伞开伞动载的研究

文章根据建立的降落伞充气过程中轴向和径向动量方程，研究了低密度大气中降落伞的开伞动载。通过计算并与高密度大气中开伞动载的比较，得出了低密度大气中开伞动载的特点。