Impact Cratering Theory and Modeling for the Deep Impact Mission: From Mission Planning to Data Analysis

The cratering event produced by the Deep Impact mission is a unique experimental opportunity, beyond the capability of Earth-based laboratories with regard to the impacting energy, target material, space environment, and extremely low-gravity field. Consequently, impact cratering theory and modeling play an important role in this mission, from initial inception to final data analysis. Experimentally derived impact cratering scaling laws provide us with our best estimates for the crater diameter, depth, and formation time: critical in the mission planning stage for producing the flight plan and instrument specifications. Cratering theory has strongly influenced the impactor design, producing a probe that should produce the largest possible crater on the surface of Tempel 1 under a wide range of scenarios. Numerical hydrocode modeling allows us to estimate the volume and thermodynamic characteristics of the material vaporized in the early stages of the impact. Hydrocode modeling will also aid us in understanding the observed crater excavation process, especially in the area of impacts into porous materials. Finally, experimentally derived ejecta scaling laws and modeling provide us with a means to predict and analyze the observed behavior of the material launched from the comet during crater excavation, and may provide us with a unique means of estimating the magnitude of the comet’s gravity field and by extension the mass and density of comet Tempel 1.     

载人航天器人-机界面宜人设计方法的研究

根据载人航天器人－机界面宜人设计的必要性，详细论述了人－机界面的发展趋势和未来的研究方向，在此基础上，提出宜人设计的具体措施，最后，形成几点看法以供讨论。     

航天器热平衡试验故障诊断的模型与方法

航天器在热平衡试验中经常会暴露设计制造上的缺陷,因此有必要对它进行实时的故障诊断。同时热平衡试验经验较少,所以采用了一种基于模型的故障诊断方法。应用了一种新的热平衡试验温度预测的数学模型,与试验数据相比较,结果令人满意;在此基础上,模拟了热平衡试验中由于太阳电池翼故障而出现的温度场异常情况,并且和正常情况比较,给出了故障诊断的方法。     

国外载人航天飞行器故障诊断技术的发展现状

综述了国外载人航天飞行器故障发生的特点及其故障诊断技术的发展过程；给出了国外在系统仿真基础上建立的故障诊断技术的研究现状，分析了基于人工智能的国际空间站的故障诊断系统。最后，对其发展进行了展望，并提出了今后有待研究的问题。     

Protecting spacecraft against meteoroid/orbital debris impact damage: an overview

Meteoroids and orbital debris pose a serious damage threat to all spacecraft. The effects of a meteoroid/orbital debris (M/OD) impact depend on a variety of factors, including where the M/OD impact occurs, the size, composition, and speed of the impacting object, and the function of the impacted spacecraft system. These effects can be minimal, can degrade a functional spacecraft component, or can compromise spacecraft functionality, even to the point of mission loss or loss of life. To minimize the damage threat from the meteoroid/orbital debris environment, it is often necessary to install protective shielding around critical spacecraft systems. If a system cannot be shielded, operational constraints may need to be imposed to reduce the damage threat. This paper presents an overview of the research and development activities performed since the late 1950s with an aim of increasing the level of protection afforded satellites and spacecraft operating in the M/OD environment and ultimately mitigating the mechanical and structural effects of an M/OD impact.     

柔性航天器自由飞行状态系统基频的估算方法

首先分别采用部件模态和系统模态建立柔性航天器在轨运行状态下的动力学方程；重点推导了航天器系统模态与其部件模态之间的模态恒等式，得到了由部件模态计算系统模态频率的一般公式；然后结合目前航天器的常见构型，对一般公式进行合理简化，得到了估算航天器系统基频的简化公式；最后给出了简化公式的工程应用算例。     

用单框架控制力矩陀螺的大型航天器姿态控制系统实物仿真研究

利用三轴气浮台模拟航天器空间力学环境，进行了单框架控制力矩陀螺(SGCMG)姿态控制／动量管理系统全实物仿真研究。推导了大型航天器姿态控制／动量管理系统数学模型。设计调试了实物仿真系统。研究了单框架控制力矩陀螺奇异回避问题、失效操纵问题和动量管理优化问题。证明了系统构形分析、奇异性分析和操纵律设计的正确性和有效性。通过大型航天器姿态控制／动量管理系统实物仿真，检验了设计方案的可行性和系统硬、软件的可靠性。     

挠性航天器大角度机动的变结构控制

考虑刚性主体上带有挠性梁的航天器 ,在建立挠性系统动力学模型的基础上 ,采用等速趋近率的滑模变结构控制策略进行大角度机动控制 ,并通过最优控制理论设计弹性稳态器 ,抑制由于刚体运动而激发的弹性振动 ,实现了旋转机动的同时 ,有效抑制弹性振动     

挠性飞行器姿态控制系统鲁棒稳定性分析的区间矩阵方法

本文应用区间矩阵的理论,研究三轴稳定的挠性空间飞行器姿态控制系统的鲁棒稳定性分析问题。太阳帆板的转动、燃料消耗及动量轮的转速变化引起的不确定性被描述为区间矩阵的形式,几个相应的鲁棒稳定性定理被导出,一个实际算例说明了所给方法的应用过程。