近代大型液体火箭发动机的特点

本文对近代大型液体火箭发动机的特点进行了综述和分析.文中指出:使用高能、无毒的液氧、煤油和液氧、液氢为大型液体火箭发动机的推进剂势在必行;采用高压补燃循环系统可以明显提高发动机的比冲、减小发动机尺寸和质量;采用推进剂利用系统可以减少推进剂的剩余量,以提高运载火箭的有效载荷;使用辅助增压泵可降低贮箱压力,并提高发动机主泵的入口压力,以保证主泵在没有汽蚀的条件下可靠工作;高可靠性、长寿命和重复使用对航天产品尤为重要.     

可重复使用运载器磁悬浮助推发射参数研究

针对磁悬浮助推水平起飞运载器这种新型发射概念,采用概念性分析方法,研究地面发射参数对可重复使用运载器性能的影响规律。结果表明,助推发射水平起飞运载器在降低初始推重比、推进剂和结构质量等方面具有优势,最后得出地面发射参数的一组优化值。     

用运载器评价发动机方案的方法

早期在对液体推进剂火箭发动机方案进行评价与选择时,仅以发动机本身的指标(如比冲、推重比等)作为方案比较的标准。这样没有考虑发动机子系统与运载器总系统的相互联系,得不到合理的评价结果。液体推进剂火箭发动机是航天运载器的一个子系统,采用运载器的性能指标评价发动机方案才能得到比较客观的结果。 本文推导了运载器的评价指标,给出了运载器的线性化质量方程,阐述了运载器设计参数的简化确定方法,由此提出了一个采用运载器评价发动机方案的方法。最后应用提出的方法对五个发动机方案进行了评价。     

变推力液体火箭发机系统仿真软件的研究

闸明了变推力液体火箭发动机系统仿真软件设计的指导思想,介绍了软件的结构,着重叙述了典型部件的运算模块。最后,简单地介绍丁在实现该软件时的一些技术处理。     

内装式机载发射运载火箭分离方案分析

针对一种内装式投放发射方案，建立了机载发射运载火箭分离过程的数学模型。本发射方案尢需对运载火箭进行改动。数值仿真结果表明．火箭在点火时有较好的姿态，适用于发射现有的中、小型运载火箭。     

高空高速无人飞行器热控制系统设计

针对飞行时间短、速度和高度变化快、表面温度波动大的无人飞行器UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicles)热控制系统设计难题,提出了一种可解决实际工程问题的热分析计算方法.即把热天工况、冷天工况和标准天工况作为设计/试验工况;采用参考温度法、高超音速工程预测法或计算流体动力学CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)数值模拟法,确定了飞行器表面温度分布,并把其作为后续热分析数学模型的外边界条件;分析结构热容量对瞬态热载荷的影响,建立与之相应的边值问题方程,并采用有限差分法求解;根据高空高速飞行特点及瞬态热载荷值,确定仪器设备舱调温系统方案.     

Modeling novel methodologies for unmanned aerial systems–Applications to the UAS-S4 Ehecatl and the UAS-S45 Bálaam

The rising demand for Unmanned Aerial Systems(UASs) to perform tasks in hostile environments has emphasized the need for their simulation models for the preliminary evaluations of their missions. The efficiency of the UAS model is directly related to its capacity to estimate its flight dynamics with minimum computational resources. The literature describes several techniques to estimate accurate aircraft flight dynamics. Most of them are based on system identification. This paper presents an alternative methodology to obtain complete model of the S4 and S45 unmanned aerial systems. The UAS-S4 and the UAS-S45 models were divided into four sub-models, each corresponding to a specific discipline: aerodynamics, propulsion, mass and inertia, and actuator. The‘‘aerodynamic" sub-model was built using the Fderivatives in-house code, which is an improvement of the classical DATCOM procedure. The ‘‘propulsion" sub-model was obtained by coupling a two-stroke engine model based on the ideal Otto cycle and a Blade Element Theory(BET) analysis of the propeller. The ‘‘mass and the inertia" sub-model was designed utilizing the Raymer and DATCOM methodologies. A sub-model of an actuator using servomotor characteristics was employed to complete the model. The total model was then checked by validation of each submodel with numerical and experimental data. The results indicate that the obtained model was accurate and could be used to design a flight simulator.     

Experimental analysis of the breakage of a liquid bridge under microgravity conditions

The experimental results obtained in experiment “STACO” made on board the Spacelab D-2 are re-visited, with image-analysis tools not then available. The configuration consisted of a liquid bridge between two solid supporting discs. An expected breakage occurred during the experiment. The recorded images are analysed and the measured behaviour compared with the results of a three dimensional model of the liquid dynamics, obtaining a much better fit than with linear models.     

WSO-UV project

During last three decades, astronomers have enjoyed continuous access to the 100–300 nm ultraviolet (UV) spectral range where the resonance transitions of the most abundant atoms and ions (at temperatures between 3000 and 300 000 K) reside. This UV range is not accessible from ground-based facilities. The successful International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) observatory, the Russian ASTRON mission and successor instruments such as the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) mission or the COS and STIS spectrographs on-board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) prove the major impact of observations in the UV wavelength range in modern astronomy. Future access to space-based observatories is expected to be very limited. For the next decade, the post-HST era, the World Space Observatory – Ultraviolet (WSO–UV) will be the only 2-m class UV telescope with capabilities similar to the HST. WSO–UV will be equipped with instruments for imaging and spectroscopy and it will be a facility dedicated, full-time, to UV astronomy. In this article, we briefly outline the current status of the WSO–UV mission and the science management plan.     

Particle swarm optimization applied to hypersonic reentry trajectories

This paper presents the novel use of the particle swarm optimization(PSO)to generate the end-to-end trajectory for hypersonic reentry vehicles in a quite simple formulation.The velocitydependent bank angle profile is developed to reduce the search space of unknown parameters based on the constrained PSO algorithm.The path constraints are enforced by setting the fitness function to be infinite on condition that the particles violate the maximum allowable values.The PSO algorithm also provides a much easier means to satisfy the terminal conditions by adding penalty terms to the fitness function.Furthermore,the approximate reentry landing footprint is fast constructed by incorporating an interpolation model into the standardized bank angle profiles.Numerical simulations demonstrate that the PSO method is a feasible and flexible tool to generate the end-to-end trajectory and landing footprint for hypersonic reentry vehicles.