液氢温区直接节流制冷新流程热力学分析

低温制冷机是液氢长期在轨零蒸发贮存的关键技术之一.节流制冷机无低温运动部件,具备系统简单和可连续制冷等优点.本文提出了液氢温区直接节流制冷新流程,拟采用回热式制冷机或者液氢储罐排气冷量为其提供32 K以下的预冷量,有潜力实现快速降温和高效制冷.采用热力学方法对于给定液氢温区10 W的制冷量要求,以等温压缩功为优化目标对...     

碳纤维特性对C/ C 复合材料界面性能的影响

分别采用扫描电镜、比表面积与孔体积分析仪等手段对日丝(RS-Cf ) 和美丝(MS-Cf ) 两种碳纤 维进行表面状态表征分析,通过纤维顶出试验、冲剪强度和弯曲强度对两种纤维制备的C/ C 复合材料界面性 能进行了微观和宏观测试,研究了不同表观结构纤维对C/ C 复合材料界面性能的影响。纤维表面形貌观察结 果表明:圆形RS-Cf 表面沟槽比腰果形MS-Cf 明显,但沟槽数量少于MS-Cf,而MS-Cf 的比表面积、孔体积和 孔径均大于RS-Cf。RS-C/ C、MS-C/ C 复合材料界面强度分别为2. 98 和3. 80 MPa;RS-C/ C 复合材料的弯曲 和冲剪强度分别为55. 9 和32. 0 MPa,低于MS-C/ C 复合材料的65． 0 和35. 2 MPa,微观和宏观力学性能均表 明MS-C/ C 复合材料的界面强度高于RS-C/ C 复合材料。     

Review of atomization mechanism and spray characteristics of a liquid jet in supersonic crossflow

The injection and atomization process of a liquid fuel jet is critical for an ignition start of a scramjet engine. Airwall-mounted crossflow injection strategy is widely used in scramjet combustors, avoiding high total pressure loss and allowing the liquid fuel to rapidly undergo atomization, mixing, and evaporation. In this review, research progress on a liquid jet in supersonic crossflow was evaluated from aspects of atomization mechanism and spray characteristics. When a liquid jet is injected into a supersonic crossflow, primary and secondary breakups occur successively. The surface instability of liquid can significantly affect the breakup process. This review discusses the current understanding of the breakup process and spray characteristics of a liquid jet in supersonic crossflow including the mechanism of atomization and the characteristics of distribution and atomization. The development of windward Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) unstable waves is the main factor in column breakup. The development of Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) unstable waves along the circumferential direction of the jet or droplets is the main factor of surface and droplet breakups. The liquid–gas momentum ratio is the most important factor affecting the penetration depth. The span width of the liquid jet is affected by the windward area. Breakup and coalescence lead to a transformation of the size distribution of droplets from S- or C-shaped to I-shaped, and the velocity distribution of the droplets on the central symmetry plane has a mirrored S-shape. The droplet distribution on the spanwise cross-section retains a structure similar to an “Ω” shape. At last, some promising recommendations have been proposed, namely a theoretical predictive model which can describe the breakup mechanism of a liquid jet, the distribution characteristics and droplets size distribution of a liquid jet under a cavity combustion chamber, especially for enthalpy flows with complex wave structures.     

两种同类型胶片基础特性及检测应用比对

文摘针对如何在液体火箭发动机产品射线检测过程中,根据具体情况选择合适的射线胶片,达到既能保证射线检测图像质量又能提高检测效率减少检测成本的目的,本文通过对进口富士IX100型胶片和国产乐凯牌L7型胶片的特性和质量稳定性进行工艺对比试验。结果表明,L7型胶片本底灰雾度稍大于IX100型胶片,灵敏度逊于IX100型胶片,宽容度高于IX100型;但两者均属于GB/T19348.1—2003规定的T3范畴胶片,综合性能比较接近;L7型胶片适用于发动机上具有变截面的铝铸件、机加余量不大的钢铸件、钛铸件及大部分熔焊缝的射线检测。     

电动膨胀循环液氧甲烷变推力发动机动态特性研究

电动泵压式液体火箭发动机受到了广泛的关注，然而电池有限的输出功率和过于沉重的质量成为限制电动泵压式发动机发展的重要因素。为此本文提出了一种电机驱动燃料泵和涡轮驱动氧泵的电动膨胀循环液体火箭发动机方案，并着重研究了该型发动机的动态响应特性。首先给出了20 kN级电动膨胀循环发动机的技术指标和部组件参数，进一步基于AMESim平台建立了全系统动力学模型，验证了方案的可行性和部组件动力学模型的准确性，并深入研究了单点工况和调节工况的动态响应特性。结果表明，针对启动过程而言，涡轮泵调整时间较电动泵长，这降低了系统响应速度，但工况越高，系统响应速度越快；高工况启动时，甲烷在冷却通道内的剧烈相变和跨临界状态的不连续物性相互耦合易引发系统振荡；就调节过程而言，推力调节时普遍存在超调或凹坑现象，且系统在两相同工况之间调节时，正调响应速度快于负调，这也导致阶跃幅值相等条件下的系统调整时间随目标工况升高而缩短。     

国外典型核武器内部氢气气氛分析

核武器密闭空间内部气氛中的氢气对铀材料、钚材料可靠性有长期的影响,将会引起严重的腐蚀失效,导致武器装备战技指标下降,同时也给核武器本身的安全性也带来了隐患。以基于理论模型的假想核武器为研究对象,经分析表明,核武器内部氢气主要来源于铀材料与外界渗漏气体的反应,以及有机材料的老化,这些气体在热应力条件下扩散到核武器密闭空间内部。国外有核国家目前主要采用研制生产时改进加工工艺,控制初始状态;交付后,在核武器内部放置干燥剂、吸氢剂2种措施相结合的方法控制核武器内部的氢气浓度,这些做法对我国武器装备的发展都有一定的借鉴意义。