氢气引燃的酒精超燃火焰结构分析

为研究与液体酒精燃料超声速燃烧相关的点火和火焰稳定机理，利用氢氧基PLIF浓度分布测量技术，显示和对比了氢气引燃的酒精超燃火焰结构与氢气单独燃烧时的超燃火焰结构。通过对火焰着火位置、火焰主要结构特征的比较，分析了使用酒精和氢气时超燃点火与火焰稳定机理的差异。指出火焰结构的变化是由于燃烧控制机理发生了变化。研究发现，除了酒精化学性质不如氢气活泼带来的差别外，液体燃料的喷注、雾化和蒸发等都对火焰结构带来明显影响，其中蒸发过程对酒精火焰结构的形成起主要作用，组织液体燃料的超声速燃烧需要注意这样的差别；在所研究实验条件下，酒精主要由氢气点燃。     

液滴碰撞聚合模型及其在喷雾燃烧流场中的应用

基于平滑粒子流体动力学方法的思想，建立了新的描述液滴间碰撞和聚合过程的数学模型，将相互碰撞的液滴局限在其周围一定数目的液滴之间，并对液滴间碰撞的概率进行了重新定义。数值计算结果表明：模型从根本上摆脱了O’Rourke模型对计算网格的依赖性，大幅度提高了计算效率和精度。在此基础上考虑液滴的变形、破碎及相变过程，采用Euler—Lagrangian方法和有限化学反应速率模型，对RBCC引射模态进行了三维两相喷雾燃烧流场数值模拟，并和实验数据进行了对比。结果表明：在RBCC自由引射模态，二次燃料喷射位置的适当后移会使燃料利用率提高，引射比增加，引射火箭推力增加。     

复合材料加筋圆柱壳稳定性的非线性有限元分析

 本文应用全拉格朗日列式法,对具有纵、横向加筋的叠层圆柱壳进行了非线性有限元稳定性理论公式的推导及求解过程的探讨。文中应用Sander's壳体理论的几何非线性及横向剪切,推导了矩形壳元及与该壳元变形相协调的直梁元与曲梁元的刚度矩阵,编制了FORTRAN计算程序。计算了柱、曲拱、曲壳拱,碳纤维加筋圆柱壳均匀轴压下的前后屈曲。也可用于计算加筋筒壳的弯曲、压-弯及外压等情况。     

闭式脉动热管启动性能的实验研究

实验研究了以乙醇为工质的闭式脉动热管在不同工况下的启动性能,分析了充液率、倾斜角、热负荷对脉动热管启动性能的影响。研究发现脉动热管具有两类启动方式:温度飞升式启动和温度渐进式启动。脉动热管启动性能最优的最佳充液率范围在41%～52%之间。相同热负荷下,随着倾斜角在0°～90°范围内逐渐增大,热管启动性能将得到改善。随着热负荷的增大,启动时间缩短但最高启动温度随之升高。     

Review of atomization mechanism and spray characteristics of a liquid jet in supersonic crossflow

The injection and atomization process of a liquid fuel jet is critical for an ignition start of a scramjet engine. Airwall-mounted crossflow injection strategy is widely used in scramjet combustors, avoiding high total pressure loss and allowing the liquid fuel to rapidly undergo atomization, mixing, and evaporation. In this review, research progress on a liquid jet in supersonic crossflow was evaluated from aspects of atomization mechanism and spray characteristics. When a liquid jet is injected into a supersonic crossflow, primary and secondary breakups occur successively. The surface instability of liquid can significantly affect the breakup process. This review discusses the current understanding of the breakup process and spray characteristics of a liquid jet in supersonic crossflow including the mechanism of atomization and the characteristics of distribution and atomization. The development of windward Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) unstable waves is the main factor in column breakup. The development of Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) unstable waves along the circumferential direction of the jet or droplets is the main factor of surface and droplet breakups. The liquid–gas momentum ratio is the most important factor affecting the penetration depth. The span width of the liquid jet is affected by the windward area. Breakup and coalescence lead to a transformation of the size distribution of droplets from S- or C-shaped to I-shaped, and the velocity distribution of the droplets on the central symmetry plane has a mirrored S-shape. The droplet distribution on the spanwise cross-section retains a structure similar to an “Ω” shape. At last, some promising recommendations have been proposed, namely a theoretical predictive model which can describe the breakup mechanism of a liquid jet, the distribution characteristics and droplets size distribution of a liquid jet under a cavity combustion chamber, especially for enthalpy flows with complex wave structures.     

液态排渣锅炉析铁防治对策

通过对宝鸡热电公司#3、#4液态排渣锅炉因析铁导致锅炉泄漏的原因进行综合分析,制定了掺烧长焰煤、增加炉底料厚度、使用特种高温耐火材料、调整改进运行方案、辅助对高温预热器进行定期维护等措施,探索出有效、可行的液态排渣锅炉的检修方案。     

大型空间站整体壁板结构技术进展

首先介绍了国际上整体壁板结构技术的发展现状,对空间站整体壁板结构设计、材料和制造成形技术进行了分析和总结,继而展望了其发展前景和方向。同时结合国内密封舱结构技术的发展情况,指出了中国大型空间站整体壁板结构研制面临的难题和挑战,并提出了相关的研究建议。     

Eternity in six hours: Intergalactic spreading of intelligent life and sharpening the Fermi paradox

The Fermi paradox is the discrepancy between the strong likelihood of alien intelligent life emerging (under a wide variety of assumptions) and the absence of any visible evidence for such emergence. In this paper, we extend the Fermi paradox to not only life in this galaxy, but to other galaxies as well. We do this by demonstrating that travelling between galaxies – indeed even launching a colonisation project for the entire reachable universe – is a relatively simple task for a star-spanning civilisation, requiring modest amounts of energy and resources. We start by demonstrating that humanity itself could likely accomplish such a colonisation project in the foreseeable future, should we want to. Given certain technological assumptions, such as improved automation, the task of constructing Dyson spheres, designing replicating probes, and launching them at distant galaxies, become quite feasible. We extensively analyse the dynamics of such a project, including issues of deceleration and collision with particles in space. Using similar methods, there are millions of galaxies that could have reached us by now. This results in a considerable sharpening of the Fermi paradox.     

冰箱侧板生产线冲切工位的改造

针对冰箱侧板的生产,提出了步进冲切这一新的板料冲切方式。对原冰箱侧板生产线进行了大量改进,应用触摸屏整合操作界面。新的冲切工位大大减少了更换产品型号时生产线的准备时间,在实际生产中效果良好。