一种负极性直流高压线性电源设计

本文提出了一种基于光耦反馈调整的负极性高压线性电源解决方案，使用NPN型三极管作为功率调整管的前提下，实现了负1200V直流电压输出。本文对提出的电源方案建立了小信号传递函数模型，在传递函数模型的基础上论证了所提出的电源系统具有稳定性高、噪声低等优点。     

Assimilation of endmember variability in spectral mixture analysis for urban land cover extraction

Variable Endmember Constrained Least Square (VECLS) technique is proposed to account endmember variability in the linear mixture model by incorporating the variance for each class, the signals of which varies from pixel to pixel due to change in urban land cover (LC) structures. VECLS is first tested with a computer simulated three class endmember considering four bands having small, medium and large variability with three different spatial resolutions. The technique is next validated with real datasets of IKONOS, Landsat ETM+ and MODIS. The results show that correlation between actual and estimated proportion is higher by an average of 0.25 for the artificial datasets compared to a situation where variability is not considered. With IKONOS, Landsat ETM+ and MODIS data, the average correlation increased by 0.15 for 2 and 3 classes and by 0.19 for 4 classes, when compared to single endmember per class.     

On the validity of the aluminum equivalent approximation in space radiation shielding applications

The origin of the aluminum equivalent shield approximation in space radiation analysis can be traced back to its roots in the early years of the NASA space programs (Mercury, Gemini and Apollo) wherein the primary radiobiological concern was the intense sources of ionizing radiation causing short term effects which was thought to jeopardize the safety of the crew and hence the mission. Herein, it is shown that the aluminum equivalent shield approximation, although reasonably well suited for that time period and to the application for which it was developed, is of questionable usefulness to the radiobiological concerns of routine space operations of the 21st century which will include long stays onboard the International Space Station (ISS) and perhaps the moon. This is especially true for a risk based protection system, as appears imminent for deep space exploration where the long-term effects of Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) exposure is of primary concern. The present analysis demonstrates that sufficiently large errors in the interior particle environment of a spacecraft result from the use of the aluminum equivalent approximation, and such approximations should be avoided in future astronaut risk estimates. In this study, the aluminum equivalent approximation is evaluated as a means for estimating the particle environment within a spacecraft structure induced by the GCR radiation field. For comparison, the two extremes of the GCR environment, the 1977 solar minimum and the 2001 solar maximum, are considered. These environments are coupled to the Langley Research Center (LaRC) deterministic ionized particle transport code High charge (Z) and Energy TRaNsport (HZETRN), which propagates the GCR spectra for elements with charges (Z) in the range 1 ? Z ? 28 (H–Ni) and secondary neutrons through selected target materials. The coupling of the GCR extremes to HZETRN allows for the examination of the induced environment within the interior of an idealized spacecraft as approximated by a spherical shell shield, and the effects of the aluminum equivalent approximation for a good polymeric shield material such as generic polyethylene (PE). The shield thickness is represented by a 25 g/cm² spherical shell. Although, one could imagine the progression to greater thickness, the current range will be sufficient to evaluate the qualitative usefulness of the aluminum equivalent approximation. Upon establishing the inaccuracies of the aluminum equivalent approximation through numerical simulations of the GCR radiation field attenuation for PE and aluminum equivalent PE spherical shells, we further present results for a limited set of commercially available, hydrogen rich, multifunctional polymeric constituents to assess the effect of the aluminum equivalent approximation on their radiation attenuation response as compared to the generic PE.     

Solving a plane problem of elasticity theory with the use of a hybrid FEM formulation

In the framework of a plane problem of elasticity theory in strength analysis based on the finite element method in the hybrid formulation, we suggest that the approximation of displacements and stresses be used as magnitudes of vector and tensor fields, respectively. The quadrilateral finite element, the displacements and stresses of which are accepted as nodal unknowns is proposed. The mixed Reissner functional is applied to form a finite element deformation matrix.     

Inverted decoupling and LMI-based controller design for a turboprop engine with actuator dynamics

The main objective of the turboprop engine control system is to ensure propeller absorbed power at a constant propeller speed by controlling fuel flow and blade angle. Since each input variable affects the selected output variables, there exist strong interactions between different control loops of a Two-Spool TurboProp Engine (TSTPE). Inverted decoupling is used to decouple the interactions and decompose the TSTPE into two independent single-input single-output systems. The multi-variable PI controller and two single-variable PI controllers are designed for the TSTPE with actuator dynamics based on Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI), respectively, which is derived from static output feedback and pole placement condition. The step responses show that due to the difference in the response times of the selected output variables, it is difficult to design an appropriate multi-variable PI controller. The designed single-variable PI controllers are tested on the TSTPE integrated model to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, that is, the interactions are first decoupled and then the controllers are designed, and the resulting simulated responses show that compared with the controller designed without actuator dynamics, the gas-generator shaft speed and power turbine shaft speed can better track their respective commands under the action of the controller designed with actuator dynamics.     

用准稳态方法建立碳氢燃料点火燃烧的简化化学反应动力学模型

基于“准稳态”方法建立了一套碳氢燃料点火燃烧的化学反应动力学模型简化方法和相应的软件SPARCK,并从甲烷点火燃烧的GRI2.11详细基元反应动力学模型出发简化得出了包含16个组分12步总包反应形式的简化化学反应动力学模型,从庚烷点火燃烧的详细基元反应动力学模型出发简化得出了包含25个组分21步总包反应形式的简化化学反应动力学模型。通过其计算结果与CARM软件导出简化模型的计算结果和典型激波管试验结果的对比可以看出,本文简化得到的简化反应动力学模型能较为有效地再现详细基元反应模型的反应机理,简化模型的计算精度与CARM软件导出简化模型的计算精度相当。与详细基元反应动力学模型相比,简化模型有效地减少了反应组分,在工程计算中有比较好的应用前景。     

一种用于逐次逼近ADC的低电压高准确度比较器

设计了一种用于逐次逼近结构ADC中的低电压比较器,比较器由前置开关预放器和动态锁存器组成。前置放大器完成对输入信号进行放大,其高增益提高了比较器的准确度,动态锁存器的正反馈提高了比较器的速度。采用了0.6μm CMOS工艺设计,工作于2.5 V单电源电压,通过详细的电路原理分析和软件SMATSPICE的仿真,得到的分析和仿真结果说明该比较器具有速度快、准确度高、功耗小的特点,适用于逐次逼近结构中的低电压模数转换器。     

基于串级线性自抗扰的四旋翼姿态控制方法

针对四旋翼无人机姿态调整过程中,由于参数不确定性及外界环境干扰,往往给姿态控制带来一定困难。本文研究提出一种基于串级线性自抗扰的四旋翼姿态控制方法。首先建立四旋翼无人机的动力学姿态模型,提出采用串级PID双环路控制架构,将姿态控制任务分解为内外两个环路。采用Levant微分器提取控制参量,以强化跟踪能力。此外,对原线性自抗扰控制器进行优化,旨在更好地消除外界随机扰动对系统的影响。利用MATLAB Simulink环境对提出的控制方法进行模拟,结果表明相比传统方法,该方法能更好地抑制系统受扰动引起的影响,增强系统对期望信号的跟踪能力,从而明显提高了四旋翼无人机姿态调整的精度与稳定性,以及四旋翼无人机姿态控制的精度和鲁棒性。     

基于SAR子孔径图像的浅海水下地形探测

沿海地区水下地形的精确测量是人类开展海洋活动的关键,合成孔径雷达（SAR）为浅海地形的探测提供了一种新的手段,其中TerraSAR-X 的聚束模式以较长的积分时间得到高分辨率的 SAR 数据,从而能较为精确地反演浅海的海底地形。传统 SAR 图像水下地形探测基于波周期不变的假设,这不仅需要已知初始水深求解波周期,还给探测结果带来一定误差。本文提出一种基于子孔径图像的水下地形探测方法,将一景SAR图像分解成多景时间间隔固定的子孔径图像,利用子孔径图像间的时间间隔,求解不断变化的波周期,从而获得更加精确的水下地形。使用在海南蜈支洲岛的 TerraSAR-X 数据验证了此方法的可行性,将此方法反演得到的结果与GEBCO数据进行比较,发现两者吻合较好（MAE为2.8 m,MRE为23.91%）,证明了此方法在浅海反演水深的巨大潜力。