疲劳损伤及寿命预测的塑性功模型

在Coffin－Manson公式的基础上提出了低周疲劳损伤及寿命预测的塑性功模型,即选择滞回能的一半Wai、拉伸断裂塑性功Wf及一个材料常数β来定义发生明显循环硬化及循环软化材料的疲劳损伤参量Di＝（Wai／Wf）β。并从内、外两方面因素分别讨论了外界作用程度（Wai）及材料的固有属性(Wf及β)在低周疲劳损伤中的作用。     

奥林普斯(Olympus)卫星的起死回生

1989年7月12日Olympus—1卫星用Ariane—3发射成功。1991年5月29日的事故导致Olympus试验通信卫星失控,结果使卫星漂离定点位置。Olympus调查委员会详细地研究了这些事件。本文综述了由欧洲空间局(ESA)局长主管的Olympus飞行任务营救小组所作的一系列工作。     

The Geology and Habitability of Terrestrial Planets: Fundamental Requirements for Life

The current approach to the study of the origin of life and to the search for life elsewhere is based on two assumptions. First, life is a purely physical phenomenon closely linked to specific environmental conditions. From this, we hypothesise that when these environmental conditions are met, life will arise and evolve. If these assumptions are valid, the search for life elsewhere should be a matter of mapping what we know about the range of environments in which life can exist, and then simply trying to find these environments elsewhere. Second, life can be clearly distinguished from the non-living world. While a single feature of a living organism left in the rock record is not always sufficient to determine unequivocally whether life was present, life often leaves multiple structural, mineralogical and chemical biomarkers that, in sum, support a conclusion that life was present. Our understanding of the habitats that can sustain or have sustained life has grown tremendously with the characterisation of extremophiles. In this chapter, we highlight the range of environments that are known to harbour life on Earth, describe the environments that existed during the period of time when life originated on Earth, and compare these habitats to the suitable environments that are found elsewhere in our solar system, where life could have arisen and evolved.     

现代飞机系统的经济性分析

概述了现代飞机经济性分析的不确定性因素,分析了影响飞机寿命周期成本因素中最主要的是系统可靠性,阐明了资金的时间价值和学习曲线影响,重点介绍了飞机寿命周期成本的估算方法,为飞机设计人员提供了较完整的飞机经济性分析理论。     

An environmentally sensitive dynamic human model for LSS robustness studies with the V-HAB simulation

The development of efficient and safe Life Support Systems is one of the key drivers of the Global Solar System Exploration efforts. For each task performed by Life Support Systems (LSS) a great multitude of sub-system concepts exist and the challenge is to find the optimal combination of sub-systems for a given mission scenario. On a sub-system level the Equivalent Systems Mass (ESM) trade study approach is well suited to effectively compare sub-system options. On a system level in addition to ESM data time dependent sub-system performances within an overall system must be addressed. Criteria such as system stability, controllability and effectiveness must be considered in order to be able to assess the dynamic robustness of systems designed to the averages. In an effort to establish a dynamic simulation environment for this type of LSS optimizations the “Virtual Habitat” tool (V-HAB) is being developed at the Technical University of Munich (TUM). This paper introduces the most important part of the Virtual Habitat simulation, which is the human model.     

基于Wiener过程的载人飞船热控泵寿命预测

载人飞船热控制循环泵(以下简称热控泵)属于高可靠性航天产品,在试验和使用中出现的寿命失效数据极少,采用传统的基于大样本寿命数据的可靠性分析方法难以满足工程要求。首先根据热控泵的试验数据和退化失效机理,确定关键性能参数为扬程和功率,采用带有正向漂移的Wiener过程拟合这两项性能的退化数据,建立性能退化轨道模型,并用随机加权方法解决模型参数估计时的小子样问题;根据退化失效的定义确定热控泵的寿命分布模型,与传统寿命分布模型不同的是,分布模型中的参数具有明确的物理含义;最后根据试验数据对热控泵的寿命进行预测,验证方法的有效性。     

Vegetable production facility as a part of a closed life support system in a Russian Martian space flight scenario

A Manned Mars Mission scenario had been developed in frame of the Project 1172 supported International Science & Technology Center in Moscow. The Mars transit vehicle (MTV) supposed to have a crew of 4–6 with Pilot Laboratory compartment volume of 185 m³ and with inner diameter of 4.1 m. A vegetable production facility with power consumption up to 10 kW is being considered as a component of the life support system to supply crew members by fresh vegetables during the mission. Proposed design of conveyor-type plant growth facility (PGF) comprised of 4-modules. Each module has a cylindrical planting surface and spiral cylindrical LED assembly to provide a high specific productivity relative to utilized onboard resources. Each module has a growth chamber that will be from 0.7 m to 1.5 m in length, and a crop illuminated area from 1.7 m² to 4.0 m². Leafy crops (cabbage, lettuce, spinach, chard, etc.) have been selected for module 1, primarily because of the highest specific productivity per consumed resources. Dietitians have recommended also carrot crop for module 2, pepper for module 3 and tomato for module 4. The maximal total PGF light energy estimated as 1.16 kW and total power consumption as about 7 kW. The module 1 characteristics have been calculated using own experimental data, information from the best on ground plant growth experiments with artificial light were used to predict crop productivity and biomass composition in the another modules. 4-module PGF could produce nearly 0.32 kg per crew member per day of fresh edible biomass, which would be about 50% of recommended daily vegetable supplement. An average crop harvest index is estimated as 0.75. The MTV food system could be entirely closed in terms of vitamins C and A with help of the PGF. In addition the system could provide 10–25% of essential minerals and vitamins of group B, and about 20% of food fibers. The present state of plant growth technology allows formulating of requirements specification for the flight-qualified modules.     

延长飞机机体结构日历寿命的技术研究

通过对影响飞机日历年限因素的分析,归纳了日历年限能否延长的客观条件,提出了延长日历寿命的一般程序和方法,对飞机延寿工作具有一定的参考价值。     

基于军机全寿命周期BOM的质量信息数据库模型

针对军机制造过程越来越精细,质量要求越来越高,研究了军机全寿命周期制造过程中产生的各种BOM及BOM之间的关系;建立了质量信息数据库模型,并提出了军机架次质量信息数据库模板,对质量信息进行了有效的集成和共享,增强了对数据的传递性、完整性和准确性;为保证军机制造质量奠定基础.