A survey on life prediction of equipment

Once in the hands of end users, such durable equipment as spacecraft, aircraft, ships,automobiles, computers, etc. are in a state of debugging, working or storage. In either state, availability, reliability and super-efficiency are the ultimate goals, which have been achieved through constant monitoring as well as regular, preventive, routine and corrective maintenance. Although some advanced instruments can visualize certain invisible malfunctioning phenomena into visible ones, deeply hidden troubles cannot be found unless monitoring and testing data are addressed using tools that process the data statistically, analytically and mathematically. Some state-of-theart trouble-shooting and life-predicting techniques and approaches are introduced in this paper.     

Minimizing energy utilization for growing strawberries during long-duration space habitation

Strawberry is a candidate crop for space that is rich in protective antioxidants and could also have psychological benefits as a component of crew diets during long-duration space habitation. Energy for electric lighting is a major input to a controlled-environment crop-production system for space habitation. Day-neutral strawberry cultivars were evaluated at several different photoperiods to determine minimum lighting requirements without limiting yield or negatively impacting fruit quality. The cultivars ‘Tribute’, ‘Seascape’, and ‘Fern’ were grown at 14, 17, or 20 h of light per day, and fruit yield was evaluated over a 31-week production period. This amounted to a difference of 2418 kWh m⁻² in energy usage between the longest and shortest photoperiods. All cultivars produced similar total fresh weight of fruit regardless of photoperiod. Volunteer tasters rated organoleptic characteristics including sweetness, tartness, texture, and overall appeal as measures of fruit quality. Generally, organoleptic attributes were not affected by photoperiod, but these attributes were somewhat dependent upon cultivar and harvest time. Cultivars under different photoperiods varied in their production of fruit over time. ‘Seascape’ was the most consistent producer, typically with the largest, most palatable fruit. ‘Seascape’ plants subsequently were grown at 10-, 12-, or 14-h photoperiods over a treatment period of 33 weeks. Photoperiod again had no significant effect on total fruit weight, although there were periodic flushes of productivity. Fruit under all photoperiods had acceptable approval ratings. A large-fruited, day-neutral strawberry cultivar such as ‘Seascape’ remains productive under shortened photoperiods, allowing reductions in energy and crew labor while maintaining flexibility for mixed-cropping scenarios in space.     

TVC火箭包作为飞机弹射救生座椅推进动力的可能性

提出了一种TVC火箭包方案,即多喷管火箭包及相应的爆破切割技术,实现飞机座椅弹射后轨迹控制。该方案对大多数国产现役火箭弹射座椅具有较好的适用性。相应的内弹道性能与弹射轨迹的计算结果是令人满意的。     

固体火箭发动机无损检测技术和结构缺陷判废标准研究的发展和展望

阐述了近年来固体火箭发动机整体综合无损检测中采用的新技术和固体火箭发动机结构缺陷判废标准研究的一些进展。根据最近出现的新检测设备和研究结果，展望了这一研究领域未来的发展趋势。     

γ—P—S—N曲线方程与高可靠度高置信度齿轮寿命计算

给出了高可靠度和高置信度齿轮寿命计算方法。这种方法的关键是运用参数互相独立的三参数Weibull分布直接求解,从而弥补了传统理论的缺陷。介绍了γ-P-S-N曲线方程（置信度-可靠度-载荷-寿命曲线方程）及其在齿轮寿命计算中的运用,从而保证了齿轮寿命的高置信度、高可靠度和经济性。     

塑料与纸包装材料的生命周期评价研究

由于塑料在自然界中的难降解,“以纸代塑”引起人们的关注,然而生命周期的评价结构表明,纸在环境保护方面并不具有优势,本文采用简式生命周期矩阵对这两种包装材料进行了分析和评价。     

金属氢化物热泵及其在载人航天生保系统中的应用

介绍了金属氢化物热泵系统的工作原理和研究现状，分析了该系统在载入航天生命保障系统，特别是出舱航天服生命保障系统中应用的可能性，着重从系统体积，重量、物质消耗，再生时间和技术成熟度等方面比较了水升华器，相变储热，金属氢化物热泵等几种冷源各自的优缺点，说明了金属氢化物热泵系统在载入航天生命保障系统中应用的巨大潜力和需要研究的关键性技术问题。     

NEPE类推进剂的寿命预估

1引言NEPE推进剂集改性双基推进剂和复合推进剂的优点于一身,具有能量高和低温力学性能好的特点。文献[1]提到有人曾用DMA研究了一些高聚物材料在单一温度下的老化并定义了它们的老化速率,但由于没有获得多种温度下的老化速率,也没有确定其寿命临界点,所以没有预估它的老化寿命     

人体代谢耗氧模拟方法研究

利用沸石分子筛对氧气和氮气选择性吸附的特性,提出了分子筛吸附-解吸模拟密封舱内人体消耗氧气的方法,研制了能够模拟5人耗氧量的试验装置,并对装置的富氧气体氧浓度、密封舱内气体成分吸附情况、耗氧模拟精度及补氮气功能等进行了测试和分析,经环控生保系统集成性能试验的使用考核,装置出口富氧气体氧浓度可达93%以上,耗氧模拟精度优于5%,基本不消耗密封舱内的其它气体成分,能够较好地模拟人体对氧气的消耗。结果表明:分子筛耗氧模拟方法精度高,对密封舱内气体成分影响小,装置工作稳定性好,适用于长期载人航天任务中密封舱环境参数控制能力的研究。     

基于非线性Wiener过程航空发动机性能退化预测

针对线性随机过程航空发动机剩余使用寿命预测精度不高的问题,提出一种漂移系数为指数形式的非线性Wiener过程发动机性能退化建模,进而预测航空发动机的剩余寿命。基于直接监测发动机性能退化数据,构建发动机性能退化模型,根据Wiener过程首达阈值时间的数学性质,推导出剩余寿命的概率分布。通过极大似然估计构建退化模型中未知参数的似然函数,利用遗传算法得到发动机总体模型参数的离线估计值。考虑到不同发动机个体间的差异性,采用贝叶斯公式,结合发动机的实时监测数据与总体模型参数的先验分布对模型中随机参数进行实时更新,从而对个体发动机的剩余寿命实时预测。最后,选择商用航空发动机仿真数据集(C-MAPSS)进行实验,结果表明：针对个体发动机基于非线性随机过程方法,实时更新非线性Wiener方法能够提高航空发动机循环中期剩余寿命预测的准确性,提供更加可靠的预防性维修决策。