基于湿热环境下的碳纤维复合材料力学性能研究及老化寿命预测

对T700/TDE-86碳纤维复合材料开展人工加速湿热老化试验,通过对比分析复合材料老化前后剖面形貌和物理化学特性,探讨了复合材料的吸湿扩散行为,研究了复合材料力学性能演变规律;并构建剩余强度计算模型,结合环境系数预测了湿热环境下复合材料的老化寿命。结果表明：复合材料吸湿率随老化时间延长而逐渐增大直至趋于平缓,符合Fick扩散定律;相对于未进行湿热老化的复合材料,经60℃、95%RH湿热环境老化后的复合材料各力学性能均有所下降,其中剪切强度最为严重,老化64 d后其强度下降率高达25%;基于剩余强度与环境系数预估的T700/TDE-86碳纤维复合材料寿命期限约为30年,为树脂基复合材料未来服役可靠性奠定了基础。     

基于导波原位检测的复合材料疲劳表征与寿命预测研究

随着复合材料在先进飞行器结构中占比的逐渐增加,复合材料在服役过程中力学性能的变化对飞行器整体的安全至关重要。为了实现基于导波原位检测的飞行器复合材料整体部件疲劳评估和寿命预测,首先,从宏观和细观的角度研究复合材料疲劳损伤演化规律;在此基础上,通过分析导波波场信息,探究导波相速度、模态能量比等特征在表征复合材料疲劳方面的潜力;其次,从复合材料损伤机理出发,建立导波相速度与疲劳损伤累积的演化模型;然后,构建深度学习框架,以数据驱动的方式从导波波场中提取疲劳演化特征;最后,提出基于贝叶斯模型平均方法的疲劳演化模型,对复合材料剩余疲劳寿命进行预测。结果表明：通过提取和分析导波特征信息,可以准确地对复合材料疲劳状态进行表征,结合贝叶斯模型平均方法和置信区间准则,实现了在试件疲劳破坏之前的剩余寿命预测。     

Experimental method for and theoretical research on defect tolerance of fixed plate based on damage mechanics

An experimental method and a theoretical analysis based on continuum damage mechan-ics are applied for the defects tolerance of fixed plate. The defects type studied in this article is scratch, which i...     

Design considerations for sustainable spacecraft water management systems

It is well recognized that water handling systems used in a spacecraft are prone to failure caused by biofouling and mineral scaling, which can clog mechanical systems and degrade the performance of capillary-based technologies. Long duration spaceflight applications, such as extended stays at a Lunar Outpost or during a Mars transit mission, will increasingly benefit from hardware that is generally more robust and operationally sustainable over time.     

Experimental method for and defect tolerance of fixed plate theoretical research on based on damage mechanics

An experimental method and a theoretical analysis based on continuum damage mechan- ics are applied for the defects tolerance of fixed plate. The defects type studied in this article is scratch, which is considered a typical defect on fixed plate according to the engineering practice. The general approach to the defects tolerance analysis of scratched fixed plate is presented. The method of fatigue life prediction for standard notched specimens has been established on the basis of continuum damage mechanics. For the purpose of obtaining the influence law of fatigue life in consequence of scratches, fatigue experiments of standard notched specimens and scratched specimens have been done. Evalu- ation of the fatigue life of scratched fixed plate has been carried out. And the value of scratch defects permissible to the condition of safety service life has been worked out. According to the results of the- oretical calculations, the fatigue experiment of scratched fixed plate has been performed. The outcome shows that the theoretical prediction tallies with the experimental results.     

Silkworms culture as a source of protein for humans in space

This paper focuses on the problem about a configuration with complete nutrition for humans in a Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) applied in the spacebases. The possibility of feeding silkworms to provide edible animal protein with high quality for taikonauts during long-term spaceflights and lunar-based missions was investigated from several aspects, including the nutrition structure of silkworms, feeding method, processing methods, feeding equipment, growing conditions and the influences on the space environmental condition changes caused by the silkworms. The originally inedible silk is also regarded as a protein source. A possible process of edible silk protein was brought forward in this paper. After being processed, the silk can be converted to edible protein for humans. The conclusion provides a promising approach to solving the protein supply problem for the taikonauts living in space during an extended exploration period.     

Low light intensity effects on the growth,photosynthetic characteristics,antioxidant capacity,yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at different growth stages in BLSS

Minimizing energy consumption and maximizing crop productivity are major challenges to growing plants in Bioregenerative Life Support System (BLSS) for future long-term space mission. As a primary source of energy, light is one of the most important environmental factors for plant growth. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of low light intensity at different stages on growth, pigment composition, photosynthetic efficiency, biological production and antioxidant defence systems of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars during ontogenesis. Experiments were divided into 3 intensity-controlled stages according to growth period (a total of 65 days): seedling stage (first 20 days), heading and flowering stage (middle 30 days) and grain filling stage (last 15 days). Initial light condition of the control was 420 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ and the light intensity increased with the growth of wheat plants. The light intensities of group I and II at the first stage and the last stage were adjusted to the half level of the control respectively. For group III, the first and the last stage were both adjusted to half level of the control. During the middle 30 days, all treatments were kept the same intensity. The results indicated that low-light treatment at seedling stage, biomass, nutritional contents, components of inedible biomass and healthy index (including peroxidase (POD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline content) of wheat plants have no significant difference to the control. Furthermore, unit kilojoule yield of group I reached 0.591 × 10⁻³ g/kJ and induced the highest energy efficiency. However, low-light treatment at grain filling stage affected the final production significantly.     

航天器电线电缆寿命预测模型研究

随着航天器复杂大系统的高速发展，以及器上电子产品的广泛应用，使得电线电缆大量应用于复杂系统之间的功率输送和信号控制。在航天器运行过程中，电线电缆由于受到空间布局限制，交叉重叠；同时受振动、温度、空间辐射等外部环境影响，致使电缆老化进而引发其他电气故障。介绍了基于可测特征参数的寿命模型建立方法，得出电缆剩余寿命的预计模型，开展航天器电线电缆老化机制以及寿命预测模型研究，最终实现航天装备电缆寿命预测的能力。     

指数分布的预测问题

对指数分布的单样、双样预测问题，进行了详细的讨论，这对寿命服从指数分布的产品的寿命试验有指导意义．     

Use of human wastes oxidized to different degrees in cultivation of higher plants on the soil-like substrate intended for closed ecosystems

To close mass exchange loops in bioregenerative life support systems more efficiently, researchers of the Institute of Biophysics SB RAS (Krasnoyarsk, Russia) have developed a procedure of wet combustion of human wastes and inedible parts of plants using H₂O₂ in alternating electromagnetic field. Human wastes pretreated in this way can be used as nutrient solutions to grow plants in the phototrophic unit of the LSS. The purpose of this study was to explore the possibilities of using human wastes oxidized to different degrees to grow plants cultivated on the soil-like substrate (SLS). The treated human wastes were analyzed to test their sterility. Then we investigated the effects produced by human wastes oxidized to different degrees on growth and development of wheat plants and on the composition of microflora in the SLS. The irrigation solution contained water, substances extracted from the substrate, and certain amounts of the mineralized human wastes. The experiments showed that the human wastes oxidized using reduced amounts of 30% H₂O₂: 1 ml/g of feces and 0.25 ml/ml of urine were still sterile. The experiments with wheat plants grown on the SLS and irrigated by the solution containing treated human wastes in the amount simulating 1/6 of the daily diet of a human showed that the degree of oxidation of human wastes did not significantly affect plant productivity. On the other hand, the composition of the microbiota of irrigation solutions was affected by the oxidation level of the added metabolites. In the solutions supplemented with partially oxidized metabolites yeast-like microscopic fungi were 20 times more abundant than in the solutions containing fully oxidized metabolites. Moreover, in the solutions containing incompletely oxidized human wastes the amounts of phytopathogenic bacteria and denitrifying microorganisms were larger. Thus, insufficiently oxidized sterile human wastes added to the irrigation solutions significantly affect the composition of the microbiological component of these solutions, which can ultimately unbalance the system as a whole.