24小时头低位卧床对人体生理功能的影响

为了探讨航天飞行初期人体生理功能的变化及“空间适应性综合症”的机理,实验观察了12名受试者在头低位6°卧床期间心率、呼吸、体温和脑电的变化。实验中所有指标均同时记录在卧床实验室配套的生理测试处理系统上,并用此系统对各生理指标的变化进行计算机分析。分析结果表明头低位卧床中人体内的一些重要生理功能如心率、呼吸、脑电的昼夜节律仍存在,但出现一定的紊乱,表现在:①心率昼夜变化双峰波消失或模糊,时相推迟。②体温昼夜节律变化不明显;额部皮肤温度无明显的昼夜节律变化,腿部皮肤温度在卧床初期明显增加,之后波动较大。③卧床中脑电α波段功率谱值下降,而δ、θ波功率谱值上升。卧床中R-R 间期频谱分析和脑电功率谱分析的结果表明卧床中心脑的调节和皮层的兴奋性也发生一定变化。     

Advanced multiple response surface method of sensitivity analysis for turbine blisk reliability with multi-physics coupling

To reasonably implement the reliability analysis and describe the significance of influencing parameters for the multi-failure modes of turbine blisk, advanced multiple response surface method(AMRSM) was proposed for multi-failure mode sensitivity analysis for reliability. The mathematical model of AMRSM was established and the basic principle of multi-failure mode sensitivity analysis for reliability with AMRSM was given. The important parameters of turbine blisk failures are obtained by the multi-failure mode sensitivity analysis of turbine blisk. Through the reliability sensitivity analyses of multiple failure modes(deformation, stress and strain) with the proposed method considering fluid–thermal–solid interaction, it is shown that the comprehensive reliability of turbine blisk is 0.9931 when the allowable deformation, stress and strain are3.7*10~(-3)m, 1.0023*10~9 Pa and 1.05*10~(-2)m/m, respectively; the main impact factors of turbine blisk failure are gas velocity, gas temperature and rotational speed. As demonstrated in the comparison of methods(Monte Carlo(MC) method, traditional response surface method(RSM), multiple response surface method(MRSM) and AMRSM), the proposed AMRSM improves computational efficiency with acceptable computational accuracy. The efforts of this study provide the AMRSM with high precision and efficiency for multi-failure mode reliability analysis, and offer a useful insight for the reliability optimization design of multi-failure mode structure.     

一种宽带高速跳频载波频综结构的设计

将DDS（直接数字合成）与PLL（锁相环）频率合成技术相结合,采用多环并列流水线结构,设计出混合扩/跳频系统的载波频率综合单元。利用DDS技术可实现频率分辨率高、转换时间快等要求,利用PLL技术可实现杂散抑制性能高、扩展宽带等要求,并采用多环并列硬件结构保证了系统的跳变速度和宽频带指标。经闭环测试平台的测试,系统达到350～1800MHz带宽可变,频率跳变速度10 000跳/s可变,杂散抑制优于-80dBc。文章首先给出详细的硬件设计方案及其实现,同时理论分析了个各项指标的优化,最后给出闭环测试平台的搭建以及最终测试结果。     

基于升华法实验研究后掠翼三维边界层的转捩

在西北工业大学的低湍流度风洞,采用升华法研究不同雷诺数下后掠翼上表面的转捩现象。实验发现雷诺数较低时,后掠翼上的转捩由流向不稳定触发,转捩位置在最小压力点之后,转捩分界为一条直线;当雷诺数足够大时,转捩由横流驻波不稳定触发,转捩提前到最小压力点之前,转捩分界呈现尖楔形状。该结果表明升华法不但能够较准确地分辨出后掠翼上的转捩位置,还能够区分不同的转捩机理,判断转捩是由流向不稳定还是横流驻波不稳定触发。此外,实验中还发现在横流驻波不稳定增长较大时,升华法能够提供转捩上游区域边界层内的横流不稳定信息;当横流驻波不稳定进一步增强时,该不稳定受模型表面粗糙度的影响较大,萘的喷涂有可能会影响到升华法的结果。     

飞机维修技术探析

介绍现代飞机维修理念,分析国内飞机维修工作的基本情况,结合国际上飞机维修理念及其发展趋势,针对自身条件和生产现状,提出目前国内飞机应用的维修策略及方法。     

基于最短路径理论分析航路测控精度

靶场测控网的精度是衡量和考核测控设备作用,制定测量方案,评估数据处理方法合理性和科学性的重要手段。如何在现有测控站点位置受海岸线地貌地物限制的条件下提高航路的测控精度是数据处理工作者必须解决的难题,论文引入动态规划中的最短路径理论,通过对试验航路上不同测量段落、不同精度设备的优化组合,设计了某航路的最优测控精度,对提高靶场的综合试验能力有重要意义。     

大弯角扩压叶栅吸力面全域压力分布的PSP实验

基于自行组建的PSP(pressure sensitive paint)测量系统,采用中国科学院化学研究所PSP,实验测量了来流马赫数分别为0.4和0.5时大弯角扩压叶栅叶片吸力面全域压力分布,并与传统测压技术所得结果进行了比较.研究结果表明:①采用PSP技术测量可以获得叶片表面全域的连续压力分布,具有空间分布率高、定量测量的特点;②叶片中部PSP测量压力值与压力扫描阀结果吻合得非常好,但受到叶片吸力面曲率的影响,叶片前缘与尾缘附近的误差较大,最大误差为4.48%;③随着来流速度的提高,PSP与压力扫描阀之间的误差逐渐减小.      

高浓度颗粒流冲刷条件下硅橡胶和EPDM绝热材料动态烧蚀实验

利用X射线实时诊断技术(RTR)针对硅橡胶和EPDM绝热材料,开展了高浓度颗粒流冲刷条件下动态烧蚀实验研究,成功获得了绝热材料烧蚀表面退移过程的序列图像。研究表明:(1)在本实验条件下,硅橡胶绝热材料颗粒冲刷区域的瞬时烧蚀率在0～2s内迅速增加,2s之后瞬时烧蚀率略有下降并趋于稳定;EPDM绝热材料颗粒冲刷区域的瞬时烧蚀率在0～1s内迅速增加,1s之后瞬时烧蚀率趋于稳定;(2)相同冲刷条件下硅橡胶绝热材料抗颗粒流冲刷性能比EPDM绝热材料差,硅橡胶绝热材料不适合在高过载发动机中应用;(3)高浓度颗粒流冲刷条件下绝热材料的烧蚀率比常规条件下要严重的多,其机理主要是高温颗粒流对炭化层有强烈的机械剥蚀效应和热化学烧蚀作用。实验结果对硅橡胶和EPDM绝热材料烧蚀机理研究及烧蚀建模具有重要参考价值。     

Index allocation for a reusable LOX/CH4 rocket engine

Reusable rocket engines are the core components of reusable launch vehicles, and have thus become a major focus of aerospace engineering research in recent years. In practice, subsystem design is based on the overall index allocation of an engine; therefore, a multidisciplinary optimization approach is necessary. In this study, design of a reusable methane/liquid oxygen (LOX/CH4) rocket engine with a gas generator cycle was investigated using multidisciplinary optimization. Two parameters were chosen as design variables: pressure and fuel mix ratio of the main combustion chamber. Optimization objectives were specific impulse, structural mass, and life cycle cost of the reusable rocket engine, and constraints were assigned to each discipline according to rocket design requirements. Then, an optimization model was developed, and optimal design parameters were acquired for the LOX/CH4 rocket engine. The proposed method is effective for designing the index allocation of reusable rocket engines and takes into account the multidisciplinary nature of complex systems.     

高超声速风洞气动力试验技术进展

高超声速技术是未来航空航天技术的制高点,而高超声速风洞气动力试验是为高超声速飞行器设计和性能评估提供可靠数据不可或缺的重要技术手段。介绍了高超声速气动力试验设备种类和国内外典型的风洞设备,并分析了目前的发展现状。对国内高超声速风洞气动力试验相关测量技术、试验技术、试验数据评估和高超声速气动力标模体系等研究进展进行了总结。同时,还就高超声速气动力试验设备、气动力试验相关技术的未来发展趋势进行了探讨。