大力神—4改进型固体助推器爆炸原因分析及启示

介绍了大力神-4改进型固体助推器的研制情况、结构特点及主要性能,阐述了地面试验失败的原因及改进措施,并联系卡斯托Ⅱ研制中出现的类似失败情况,就发动机内流场气流的相互作用及药柱变形对发动机工作的影响进行了扼要分析,并提出了值得重视的几点启示。     

Spacecraft formation flying control around L2 sun-earth libration point using on–off SDRE approach

In this paper, on–off SDRE control approach is presented for spacecraft formation flying control around sun-earth L2 libration point. Orbits around libration points are significant targets for many space missions mainly because of efficient fuel consumption. Furthermore, less propellant usage can be achieved by considering optimal control approaches in spacecraft formation flying control design. Among various nonlinear and optimal control methods, SDRE has shown to be a popular controller in various missions due to the privileges including efficiency, accuracy and robustness. The spacecraft are assumed to have on–off thrusters as actuators. It requires them to be fed with a sequence of on–off pulses which is regarded as a challenge for spacecraft designers. Hence, the main contribution of this paper is designing an on–off SDRE approach for the formation flight around sun-earth L2 point with uncertainty with energy and accuracy considerations. Including on–off input as a constraint is not feasible for SDRE implementation because it makes the system non-affine. An alternative is utilizing an integral action technique and an auxiliary control to make the system affine which leads to on–off SDRE approach. It has also been shown that the proposed method is robust against parametric uncertainties of the states. Present study aims to design an energy-beneficial, simple and attractive controller for a complex nonlinear system with on–off inputs and uncertainty in CRTBP. Simulation results show that the on–off SDRE control could provide the formation flight around L2 point with high accuracy using less energy consumption.     

Formation flying reconfiguration manoeuvres via environmental forces in highly elliptical orbits

A study on reconfiguration manoevres applied to a tetrahedral formation in highly elliptical orbits is proposed, by using a propellantless solution. The manoeuvring strategy consists in exploiting certain environmental forces, specifically those provided by solar radiation pressure and atmospheric drag, by actively controlling the satellites’ attitudes. Through inverse dynamics particle swarm optimization the optimal attitudes required for the manoeuvres are evaluated, whereas the configuration’s evolution is simulated by a high-fidelity orbital simulator. The goal of the reconfiguration problem is to find an optimal control in order for the four spacecraft to reach a desired configuration in a specified portion of orbit, where the desired configuration is evaluated by a shape and size geometric parameter. By increasing the manoeuvring time and the satellites’ area to mass ratio, all the case studies considered are successfully verified.     

载人航天器的发射窗口及太阳能帆板的最佳受晒

首先根据载人航天器轨道运行段的基本特征,利用球面三角公式推导了：①阳光方向与载人航天器太阳能帆板法向的最佳夹角公式;②圆轨道的受晒因子公式。然后根据理论分析,引入帆板的效率系数。最后借助于计算机代数ｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃａ系统,建立了一种分析帆板最佳受晒的直观、清晰、简便的方法。所得的结论为确定载人航天器的发射窗口提供了依据。     

固体运载火箭级间热分离仿真气体模型研究

目前,计算流体力学和飞行力学耦合仿真是模拟运载火箭级间分离较为流行的方法,而发动机内外流动建模则是运用该方法的关键。工程上,常用的方法是将发动机燃气与外部大气当作同一种气体组分处理,未考虑内外流动的多组分与燃烧效应。分析了化学非平衡流模型、双组分气体模型和常规单组分气体模型在火箭级间热分离流场计算中的适用性。化学非平衡流模型由于过高的计算消耗,不适用于火箭研制工程中大规模的参数化研究。而热化学等级较低的双组分气体和单组分气体模型由于计算量较低,具有较好的工程适用性。双组分气体模型计入了火箭燃气的特性,计算消耗远低于化学非平衡计算,且能够较好地预测火箭级间段的流动分离,在计算效率和计算保真度之间做出了较好的平衡,未来在工程研究中有较大的应用潜力。     

运载火箭起飞噪声环境缩比模型试验方法

基于相似理论建立缩比模型试验相似准则,提出了火箭发动机喷流声场试验预示方法的流程。通过缩比模型系留点火试验,根据几何相似、喷流参数相似、发射环境相似来预示起飞噪声环境,在国内首次给出了运载火箭表面的噪声环境的空间相关特性,结果表明预测结果与遥测数据之差小于1.5 dB,校验了缩比模型方法的有效性。缩比模型方法对于我国新一代运载火箭的起飞噪声环境预示、噪声载荷设计、地面试验具有重要意义。     

一种适用于大幅值Quasi周期轨道的数值构造方法

针对现有方法在构造大幅值quasi周期轨道时收敛性和通用性不足等问题,提出一种适用于大幅值quasi周期轨道的数值构造方法。首先针对2维不变环面的计算问题,设计了映射间隔约束的环面多步微分修正算法。在此基础上,采用自然参数延拓法和伪弧长延拓法两种不同的思路构造等映射间隔的quasi周期轨道族。接着以quasi-Vertical为对象分析了两种思路各自的特点。最后以quasi-Axial, quasi-DRO等为对象验证了方法对三角平动点及多对复特征值情况的适用性。仿真结果表明,所提出的方法能够简单有效地解决多种类型幅值比超过1.2的大幅值quasi周期轨道的数值计算问题。     

Long-term evolution of Galileo operational orbits by canonical perturbation theory

Galileo operational orbits are slightly affected by the 3 to 5 tesseral resonance, an effect that can be much more important in the case of disposal orbits. Proceeding by canonical perturbation theory we show that the part of the long-term Hamiltonian corresponding to the non-centralities of the Earth's gravitational potential can be replaced by an intermediary that shows the pendulum dynamics of the 3 to 5 tesseral resonance problem. Inclusion of lunisolar perturbations requires a semi-analytical integration, which is compared with the corresponding results from the well-established Draper Semi-analytical Satellite Theory.     

典型卫星轨道的位移损伤剂量计算与分析

位移损伤剂量是评估电子元器件在轨发生位移损伤导致性能退化的重要参数。文章首先给出了位移损伤剂量的等效原理和计算方法,即用位移损伤等效注量来表征卫星轨道带电粒子导致的位移损伤剂量;之后分别采用3种不同的太阳质子注量模型,计算了典型大椭圆轨道的位移损伤等效注量,并结合计算结果对不同模型的特点和适用性进行了分析;其后针对4种典型卫星轨道,计算了不同飞行寿命期内的位移损伤等效注量,发现不同轨道的位移损伤剂量有较大差异,并结合空间带电粒子辐射环境分布特点及卫星轨道参数等分析了差异的产生原因;最后,分析不同的太阳质子注量预估方法对位移损伤剂量计算结果的影响,总结了不同轨道、不同飞行寿命情况下卫星经受的带电粒子辐射环境的严酷程度。研究结果可为卫星内部元器件位移损伤效应防护工作提供参考。     

Earth and Mars observation using periodic orbits

This paper reports the results of a general study carried out on the Periodic Multi-SunSynchronous Orbits (PMSSOs), which the classical Periodic SunSynchronous Orbits (PSSOs) represent a specific solution of. Such orbits allow to obtain cycles of observation of the same region in which the solar illumination regularly varies according to the value of the orbit elements and comes back to the initial condition after a time interval which is multiple of the revisit time. Therefore this kind of orbits meets all the remote sensing applications that need observations of the same area at different local times (for example the reconstruction of the day-nighttime trend of the surface temperature of the planet) and it is particularly suitable to the study of several terrestrial and martian phenomena (diurnal cycle of the hazes and clouds, dynamics of the thermal tides, density variations, meteorology phenomena, etc.). The design of PMSSO is based on the variation of the Right Ascension of the Ascending Node due to the Earth oblateness (referred as basic solution). However, with respect to the basic solution, the analysis of the perturbative effects has demonstrated the need, especially in the case of Mars, to take into account all the superior harmonics of the gravitational field. To this end a corrective factor, to add to the basic equations, has been proposed, allowing a significant saving of propellant (of the order of 2 km/s per year). Besides, single and multi-plane satellite constellations have been taken into account in order to improve the repetition of observation and the ground spatial resolution.