Medium Earth Orbit dynamical survey and its use in passive debris removal

The Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) region hosts satellites for navigation, communication, and geodetic/space environmental science, among which are the Global Navigation Satellites Systems (GNSS). Safe and efficient removal of debris from MEO is problematic due to the high cost for maneuvers needed to directly reach the Earth (reentry orbits) and the relatively crowded GNSS neighborhood (graveyard orbits). Recent studies have highlighted the complicated secular dynamics in the MEO region, but also the possibility of exploiting these dynamics, for designing removal strategies. In this paper, we present our numerical exploration of the long-term dynamics in MEO, performed with the purpose of unveiling the set of reentry and graveyard solutions that could be reached with maneuvers of reasonable $\mathrm{\Delta }V$ cost. We simulated the dynamics over 120–200?years for an extended grid of millions of fictitious MEO satellites that covered all inclinations from 0 to 90°, using non-averaged equations of motion and a suitable dynamical model that accounted for the principal geopotential terms, 3rd-body perturbations and solar radiation pressure (SRP). We found a sizeable set of usable solutions with reentry times that exceed $～40$ years, mainly around three specific inclination values: 46°, 56°, and 68°; a result compatible with our understanding of MEO secular dynamics. For $\mathrm{\Delta }V?300$ m/s (i.e., achieved if you start from a typical GNSS orbit and target a disposal orbit with $e<0.3$), reentry times from GNSS altitudes exceed $～70$ years, while low-cost ($\mathrm{\Delta }V?5–35$ m/s) graveyard orbits, stable for at lest 200?years, are found for eccentricities up to $e\approx 0.018$. This investigation was carried out in the framework of the EC-funded “ReDSHIFT” project.     

Multi-disciplinary design optimization with fuzzy uncertainties and its application in hybrid rocket motor powered launch vehicle

In this paper, an Uncertainty-based Multi-disciplinary Design Optimization (UMDO) method combining with fuzzy theory and Multi-Discipline Feasible (MDF) method is developed for the conceptual design of a Hybrid Rocket Motor (HRM) powered Launch Vehicle (LV). In the method proposed, membership functions are used to represent the uncertain factors, the fuzzy statistical experiment is introduced to analyze the propagation of uncertainties, and means, standard deviations and credibility measures are used to delineate uncertain responses. A geometric programming problem is solved to verify the feasibility of the Fuzzy-based Multi-Discipline Feasible (F-MDF) method. A multi-disciplinary analysis of a three-stage HRM powered LV involving the disciplines of propulsion, structure, aerodynamics and trajectory is implemented, and the mathematical models corresponding to the F-MDF method and the MDF method are established. A two-phase optimization method is proposed for multi-disciplinary design optimization of the LV, including the orbital capacity optimization phase based on the Ziolkowski formula, and the scheme trajectory verification phase based on the 3-degree-of-freedom point trajectory simulation. The correlation coefficients and the quadratic Response Surface Method (RSM) based on Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) are adopted for sensitive analysis of uncertain factors, and the Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm (MIGA) is adopted as the optimization algorithm. The results show that the F-MDF method is applicable in LV conceptual design, and the design with the F-MDF method is more reliable and robust than that with the MDF method.     

行星际火箭和人造行星卫星的轨道设计问题

本文探讨行星际探测器和人造行星卫星的动力学模型,研究它们的运动轨道,给出飞行时间的近似式,并且从飞行时间和消耗能量二个方面对它们的轨道设计问题提出了一些新的看法.另外,文中还讨论了人造行星卫星的运动及其稳定条件.      

航天器开普勒轨道和非开普勒轨道的定义、分类及控制

给出了航天器开普勒轨道（KO）和非开普勒轨道（NKO）的来源、定义、分类和特点,阐明了KO和NKO之间的关系,介绍了相关的轨道控制与轨道确定、制导与导航的涵义.     

运载火箭总体多学科协同优化平台方案研究

为了将多学科设计优化应用于运载火箭总体设计中,提出了基于MDO思想的运载火箭 多学科协同优化设计平台方案。系统论述了平台定位、功能需求、顶层组成框架设计、人员 角色、总体优化设计活动流程等相关内容。平台实现了运载火箭的专业设计工具集成、信息 集成、总体设计流程定制,并支持分布式协同设计和优化设计。〖JP〗     

分布式故障诊断专家系统在运载火箭发射决策中的应用研究

根据新一代运载火箭地面测发控系统的一体化设计要求,将分布式故障诊断专家系统应用到运载火箭发射决策中,建立了运载火箭分布式故障诊断专家系统的总体结构.根据故障信息的流动方向将诊断过程分为征兆获取级、分系统诊断级以及全局诊断和决策级3级.征兆获取级通过特征提取和神经网络模块实现复杂测试数据的征兆自动获取.分系统诊断级和全局系统诊断级的诊断推理均建立在"三表制"知识表达方法上,但根据各自任务的不同,分系统诊断级采用征兆驱动的正向推理,并结合深度推理算法实现规则的遍历问题;全局系统诊断和决策级采用面向故障的反向分级推理,并提出了故障的分级策略.     

基于脱靶量数据的发射系航迹参数求解方法

针对当前海态巡航飞行试验末段外测无法跟踪测量的实际问题,基于现有脱靶量测量系统,建立了利用某脱靶量测量数据到发射系的转换模型。此模型将脱靶量测量数据统一到发射系航迹中,有利于航迹分析工作。并建立了转换结果的误差估计模型,误差模型充分考虑了脱靶量测量误差、靶船定位误差以及靶船航向角误差。利用仿真数据对转换模型及误差模型进行了计算验证。结果表明,位置误差满足精度要求。该方法对延拓外测处理时段具有积极意义。     

运载火箭电动伺服机构前馈自抗扰控制方法的设计

运载火箭伺服机构是火箭的执行机构,在工作过程中不仅要求伺服机构具有较好的阶跃响应和力矩抗扰性能,还要求伺服机构能够较好地跟踪箭载计算机发送的位置随动指令。常规的自抗扰控制(ADRC)建模时,将输入的微分量近似为0,使得输入时变信号时会产生建模误差,该误差无法通过扩张状态观测器(ESO)进行观测并补偿,导致系统的跟踪误差较大。针对常规自抗扰控制对时变信号跟踪误差较大的问题,提出了一种将位置输入微分前馈(PIDF)引入自抗扰控制的前馈自抗扰控制方法。通过理论推导和建模仿真得知,该方法可降低系统对正弦输入信号的跟踪误差并提高系统的动态特性,同时仍具有较强的抗干扰性能。最后通过试验验证了该方法的有效性。     

波箔型径向气体箔片轴承-转子系统升降速动态特性试验

为了研究以波箔型径向气体箔片轴承为支承的轴承-转子系统动力学特性,专门设计了波箔型径向气体箔片轴承试验台,质量为0.458kg的转子在该试验台上实现了超过80000r/min的运转速度.径向轴承为波箔型径向气体箔片轴承,止推轴承为多叶箔片轴承.试验结果表明:波箔型径向气体箔片轴承能够实现转子高速运行,在转子起飞后具有良好的运行稳定性,其轴承支承处振动位移幅值一直维持在20μm之内.由于驱动涡轮受到不平衡气流力的作用,转轴升速时的起飞转速要高于降速时的起飞转速.