彩色三维激光快速成型技术的研究

目前逆向工程采用线结构激光和一个彩色面阵CCD摄像机构成三维彩色扫描系统,彩色CCD摄像机分两次对被测物体成像,首先摄取物体的彩色图片,然后加用滤光片再摄取激光光平面上的三维信息.最后将两次获取的信息重叠,便可得到三维彩色信息.提出了激光光平面方程式三维测量方法,建立了相应的数学模型.研制成一套适用于彩色逆向工程流程,并进行了实验研究,给出了实验结果.     

Spectroscopy peculiarities of thermal plasma of electric arc discharge between electrodes with Zn admixtures

Plasma of the free burning electric arc between Ag–SnO₂–ZnO composite electrodes as well as brass electrodes were investigated. The plasma temperature distributions were obtained by Boltzmann plot method involving Cu I, Ag I or Zn I spectral line emissions. The electron density distributions were obtained from the width and from absolute intensity of spectral lines. The laser absorption spectroscopy was used for measurement of copper atom concentration in plasma. Plasma equilibrium composition was calculated using two independent groups of experimental values (temperature and copper atom concentration, temperature and electron density). It was found that plasma of the free burning electric arc between brass electrodes is in local thermodynamical equilibrium. The experimental verification of the spectroscopic data of Zn I spectral lines was carried out.     

A shortcut to marking 3D target curves on curved surface via a galvanometric laser scanner

Marking arbitrary three-dimensional(3D) target curves on given objects with curved surface is required in many industrial fields, such as fabric prepreg placement in composite material part fabrication, product assembly, surface painting for decoration, etc. A shortcut to the solution of this intractable problem is proposed by utilizing a galvanometric laser scanner(GLS) with the aid of a camera. Without using the existing tedious GLS calibration procedures,the proposed method directly establishes a mapping between the 3D coordinates of the laser spots on the object surface and the control voltages of the scanner. A single-hidden layer feedforward neural network(SLFN) is employed to model the mapping. By projecting a dense grid of laser spots on the object to be marked and simultaneously taking only one image, the SLFN model is trained in minutes via a linear solving mechanism. Experiments demonstrate that the trained SLFN model has a good generalization performance for marking 3D target curves. The 3D laser marking errors on experimental objects are less than 0.5 mm. The proposed method is especially suitable for on-site use and can be conveniently extended to multiple GLSs for marking large complex objects.     

激光器性能综合测试设备研制

介绍了激光器的主要性能指标,根据实际需要进行了激光性能测试设备的研究,提出了一种周全的激光性能测试设备研制方案,对该设备的结构设计、光路设计、以及测试方法作了详尽论述。设备中利用两对相互垂直的P分光镜和S分光镜以补偿偏振光在45°面上透反射率不同而造成的测量误差,进一步保证了激光能量测试的准确性。误差分析结果表明该设备满足实际应用中对激光器性能的测试要求。     

无定向激光陀螺捷联惯组标定方法的对比研究

对三种无定向激光陀螺捷联惯组标定方法进行了对比研究,详细分析了各种方案的标定原理,提出了利用标准差作为评价标定方法优劣的指标.结合对某一激光陀螺捷联惯组标定试验结果的分析,得到了在无北向基准的情况下,三种标定方法在标定时间和标定精度两个指标上的对比结果,为无定向激光捷联惯组的标定提供了指导,具有较大的工程应用价值.     

钛合金航空结构件的损伤修复技术

钛合金航空结构件的应用越来越广泛,但应用传统制造技术对钛合金结构件的修理则较困难,且存在许多缺陷。文章介绍了钛合金件裂纹的激光焊接、激光熔覆修复技术;对于缺损性损伤,介绍了应用快速成型系统重建损伤结构的技术。     

透射式激光烧蚀PVC冲量耦合性能实验

激光烧蚀推进是激光推进中最有应用前景的研究分支,吸引了国内外大量学者的关注。为了研究透射式激光烧蚀条件下靶材厚度和激光能量对冲量耦合性能的影响,以二极管激光器作为能量源,玻璃作为透射层,对不同厚度、不同入射激光能量条件下,掺碳质量分数为2%的PVC薄膜进行了透射式激光烧蚀实验研究。冲量耦合系数最高为65.78μN/W,与国内外相关报道的数据相比较,结果规律一致性较好。研究结果证明了双层结构靶材的透射式激光烧蚀可以提高冲量耦合系数,入射激光能量与靶材厚度对冲量耦合性能影响较大。     

能量密度对水工质激光推进性能的影响

当辐照激光能量密度不是很高时,在分析水工质激光推进基本物理过程的基础上,只考虑汽化过程对冲量形成过程的贡献,用一维理论模型研究了辐照激光能量密度对冲量耦合系数、比冲、能量转化效率等推进性能参数的影响规律。结果表明,随着辐照激光能量密度的增加,存在一个获得最大冲量耦合系数的最优能量密度;比冲随着能量密度的增加而变大;对于透射率一定的工质而言,随着能量密度增大,能量转化效率趋于一个恒定值。这一理论研究结果对下一步的实验研究工作具有较好的指导意义。     

液体烧蚀激光推进推力形成机理实验方法

为揭示液体烧蚀激光推进推力形成机理,提出了一种有效的实验方法,即建立推力加载过程与流场演化过程的时间关联性,寻找物理现象与推力特征之间的关系。为实现这种方法,建立了一套基于高速相机和高频响压电式力传感器的实验系统,并实现对激光器、闪光仪、高速相机和推力信号采集系统的工作时序的精确控制。实验结果表明,与国外相关文献提供的实验系统相比,依据本方法所建系统可以提高实验研究效率和精度,为分析液体烧蚀所形成推力的机理提供了一种可靠的实验方法。