一种新型空间微小碎片超高速碰撞试验地面模拟方法

文章简要叙述了空间微小碎片环境及其对航天器的影响,同时介绍了一种新型空间微小碎片超高速碰撞地面模拟方法——激光驱动飞片技术。     

旋转抛物曲面测量中的测球半径补偿

利用激光跟踪仪进行曲面的三维测量时,需要进行反射球的半径补偿。本文针对某高精度旋转抛物曲面检测,分别利用点距法和等距面法进行了半径补偿。结果显示,两种办法均能有效地实现半径补偿,提高了检测精度。     

一种动调陀螺运行环境温度监测系统设计

设计了一种基于DSP的用于动力调谐陀螺的温度监测系统,介绍了该设备的组成、温度测量、显示和设置等功能设计和系统软件设计。     

星载激光通信终端在轨机动对温度影响

对激光通信终端在轨瞬态温度变化开展了仿真,以期研究在轨机动的影响、热分析和热试验时机动模式的简化模拟。通过合理地分析与简化,建立终端的轨道热分析模型,准确模拟在轨机动,根据典型机动模式、外热流和涂层退化等因素设计了计算工况,得出了终端在轨运行过程中的温度场随时间和姿态变化规律。结果表明：不同机动模式下的温度变化存在差异,最大可达23.0℃,采用固定姿态或一维转动的简化热分析或热试验不能准确模拟实际飞行温度,甚至不能部分替代二维转动热分析或热试验;光学天线和反射镜的温度控制是制约终端工作的瓶颈,为终端设计合适的避光机动策略,可大幅度提高温度稳定度和均匀度。研究结果可以为光机电设备在轨机动策略的设计和改进提供参考。     

基于机械抖动激光陀螺仪的动态误差分析

机抖激光陀螺仪是目前应用最为广泛的激光陀螺,是实现应用捷联惯导系统进行导航的理想惯性仪表,研究激光陀螺仪的误差因素,并通过软件进行补偿提高其精度,对提高捷联惯导系统的精度具有重要意义。相对于研究已经较为成熟的静态误差,对动态误差的研究仍较少。针对激光陀螺的动态误差,通过分析在动态环境中抖动机构的输出对二频机抖激光陀螺输出的影响,建立了动态误差模型,为激光陀螺动态误差的研究提供了理论储备,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

基于简化Mohr模型的光纤陀螺温度补偿方法研究

为了提高光纤陀螺温度补偿精度,采用Mohr理论建立了光纤环圈的热传递模型,准确分析了光纤环圈内部的温度变化和分布情况,计算得到了光纤环圈的Shupe误差。根据Shupe理论误差和陀螺仪输出的相关性分析,得到了最优的光纤环圈热传递参数。根据热传递参数建立了光纤陀螺温度补偿模型,完成了光纤陀螺的实时温度补偿,实际补偿后光纤陀螺仪变温精度提高了约3.4倍。     

In-orbit assessment of laser retro-reflector efficiency onboard high orbiting satellites

The navigation and geodetic satellites that orbit the Earth at altitudes of approximately 20,000 km are tracked routinely by many of the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) stations of the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS). In order to meet increasing demands on SLR stations for daytime and nighttime observations, any new mission needs to ensure a strong return signal so that the target is easily acquirable. The ILRS has therefore set a minimum effective cross-section of 100 million square metres for the on-board laser retro-reflector arrays (LRAs) and further recommends the use of ‘uncoated’ cubes in the arrays. Given the large number of GNSS satellites that are currently supported by SLR, it is informative to make an assessment of the relative efficiencies of the various LRAs employed. This paper uses the laser ranging observations themselves to deduce and then compare the efficiencies of the LRAs on the COMPASS-M1 navigation satellite, two satellites from the GPS and three from the GLONASS constellations, the two GIOVE test satellites from the upcoming Galileo constellation, the two Etalon geodetic spheres and the geosynchronous communications test satellite, ETS-8. All the LRAs on this set of satellites employ back-coated retro-reflector cubes, except those on the COMPASS-M1 and ETS-8 vehicles which are uncoated. A measure of return signal strength, and thus of LRA-efficiency, is calculated using the laser-range full-rate data archive from 2007 to 2010, scaled to remove the effects of variations in satellite range, atmospheric attenuation and retro-reflector target total surface area. Observations from five SLR stations are used in this study; they are Herstmonceux (UK), Yarragadee (Australia), Monument Peak and McDonald (USA) and Wettzell (Germany). Careful consideration is given to the treatment of the observations from each station in order to take account of local working practices and system upgrades. The results show that the uncoated retro-reflector cubes offer significant improvements in efficiency.     

Determination of station positions and velocities from laser ranging observations to Ajisai,Starlette and Stella satellites

The positions and velocities of the four Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) stations: Yarragadee (7090), Greenbelt (7105), Graz (7839) and Herstmonceux (7840) from 5-year (2001–2005) SLR data of low orbiting satellites (LEO): Ajisai, Starlette and Stella were determined. The orbits of these satellites were computed from the data provided by 20 SLR stations. All orbital computations were performed by means of NASA Goddard’s GEODYN-II program. The geocentric coordinates were transformed to the topocentric North–South, East–West and Vertical components in reference to ITRF2005. The influence of the number of normal points per orbital arc and the empirical acceleration coefficients on the quality of station coordinates was studied. To get standard deviation of the coordinates determination lower than 1 cm, the number of the normal points per site had to be greater than 50. The computed positions and velocities were compared to those derived from LAGEOS-1/LAGEOS-2 data. Three parameters were used for this comparison: station coordinates stability, differences from ITRF2005 positions and velocities. The stability of coordinates of LEO satellites is significantly worse (17.8 mm) than those of LAGEOS (7.6 mm), the better results are for Ajisai (15.4 mm) than for Starlette/Stella (20.4 mm). The difference in positions between the computed values and ITRF2005 were little bit worse for Starlette/Stella (6.6 mm) than for LAGEOS (4.6 mm), the results for Ajisai were five times worse (29.7 mm) probably due to center of mass correction of this satellite. The station velocities with some exceptions were on the same level (≈1 mm/year) for all satellites. The results presented in this work show that results from Starlette/Stella are better than those from Ajisai for station coordinates determination. We can applied the data from LEO satellites, especially Starlette and Stella for determination of the SLR station coordinates but with two times lower accuracy than when using LAGEOS data.     

线性调频半导体激光衍射光栅干涉仪

介绍一种以线性调频半导体激光为光源的衍射光栅干涉仪。激光与光栅上衍射的±１级衍射波会合，由于有光程差而发生光拍频，测量拍频信号的相位移则可测得光栅的位移。设计了一种克服激光波长漂移和空气折射率变化影响的对称差动光路，使这种方法达到实用化的程度，分辨力达到纳米级。此外，还介绍了应用于接触干涉仪的实验情况。     

Singularity analysis for single gimbal control moment gyroscope system using space expansion method

Control Moment Gyroscope (CMG) is an effective candidate for agile satellites and large spacecraft attitude control because of its powerful torque amplification capability. The most serious situation, however, in using CMG is the inherent geometric singularity problem, where there’s no torque output along a particular direction. Space expansion method has been proposed in this work for the singularity analysis. Based on inverse mapping transformation, an expanded Jacobian matrix which is a full rank square matrix is obtained. The singular angle sets of the 3-parallel cluster and pyramid cluster are distinguished using space expansion method. An effective hybrid steering strategy, able to deal with the elliptic singularity, is further proposed. Simulation results demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed steering logic compared to the generalized singular robust logic and pseudo inverse logic in terms of energy consumption and torque error.