微型卫星激光推进发射及其关键技术

介绍了激光推进的基本原理和典型分类，分析了国外研究情况与最新的研究进展，并论述了这种新型推进方式的特点，在简要介绍微型卫星发射特点的基础上，分析了将其用于微型卫星的可行性，着重阐述了激光推进发射中需解决的关键技术问题。     

实施卫星激光定轨的建议

随着卫星对地观测分辨率的不断提高 ,对卫星在轨位置精度的要求也越来越高。采用星载激光后向反射镜阵列与卫星激光测距定轨方法 ,可以获得厘米级的定轨精度。文中针对我国国情 ,建议我国的导航卫星和对地观测卫星采用激光定轨技术 ,并提出了创立卫星激光定轨条件的实施建议。     

半球谐振陀螺平台调平系统设计及仿真

针对半球谐振陀螺平台调平时容易受到各种随机干扰的影响以及为了提高调平的抗干扰能力,基于动态规划方法设计了平台调平系统的随机最优控制算法,使平台调平系统具有极强的抗干扰能力。针对实现中存在的计算量过大问题,采用变量替换法将平台调平系统状态方程转换为完全信息情形,减小了计算量,简化了设计。为了提高调平精度,通过在平台调平控制信号中增加加速度计零位偏置修正量的方式提高了调平精度。初步仿真结果验证了上述方法的有效性。     

五棱锥SGCMGs失效时奇异构型几何分析及操纵律设计

单框架控制力矩陀螺群(SGCMGs)的奇异构型几何分析及相应的操纵律设计是其在使用中遇到的主要问题。针对五棱锥SGCMGs构型及其单只失效后的奇异情况进行几何分析,考虑五棱锥构型单只SGCMG失效后显奇异点深入角动量体内部这一特性,设计了一种既能充分利用零空间运动,又能实现显奇异点规避的SGCMGs操纵律。仿真分析结果表明:设计改进后的操纵律能在有效解决五棱锥SGCMGs构型中单只陀螺失效后带来内部复杂奇异问题的同时,实现控制精度的大幅提升。     

激光星间链路终端指向误差标定中的误差分离研究

针对激光星间链路终端指向误差在轨标定中航天器姿态测量误差影响标定结果的问题,本文提出了基于多链路测量的航天器姿态测量误差分离方法。该方法利用了导航星座中同一航天器同时建立多条链路的特点,获取不同方向的LCT指向误差测量数据。通过同时估计航天器姿态测量误差与LCT自身指向误差参数,实现了航天器姿态测量误差与LCT自身指向误差的分离。仿真结果表明：航天器姿态测量误差对LCT指向误差标定结果有显著影响,利用本方法进行误差分离后,LCT指向误差标定结果最大偏差由分离前的64.9 μrad下降到误差分离(6条链路)后的21.1 μrad,有效降低了航天器姿态测量误差对LCT指向误差标定结果的影响。该方法的有效性取决于链路条数和链路拓扑构型。     

脉冲热负荷下相变蓄热对蒸发循环制冷性能的影响

针对激光器等短时大功率器件的温度控制问题,提出了基于相变蓄热与蒸发循环制冷的热控制方法.以峰值热流密度为106 W/m2的激光器为控温对象,建立相变蓄热与蒸发循环制冷耦合的仿真模型,通过数值仿真对比研究了有无相变蓄热器及不同相变蓄热器耦合位置、压缩机转速及热负荷占空比情况下热源的温度波动幅度与制冷系统的制冷效率.结果表...     

基于Matlab的速率陀螺系统校准算法研究

提出了一种引入数值拟合计算的速率陀螺系统校准算法.此算法主要是在陀螺定参系统中,通过回归建模计算来确定陀螺刻度因数以及各漂移系数的大小.它考虑了在工程应用中,陀螺本身的特性以及在生产过程中的机械加工和装配精度等因素对系统带来的影响,从整体出发来校准速率陀螺系统参数,使得系统测试方位角的波动范围有了进一步的缩小.     

Extension of continuous scanning laser Doppler vibrometry measurement for complex structures with curved surfaces

The continuous Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometry (SLDV) developed on the base of the galvanometer scanner system has made it possible to quickly obtain the full field vibration responses within a rectangular area of the structure. In this paper, an arbitrary continuous scanning path generating method for Continuous Scanning Laser Doppler Vibometry (CSLDV) is further put forward in order to allow the CSLDV suitable for testing structures featured by complex shapes not just for regular areas. In the first step, the relationship between position of laser spot and the driving voltages of galvanometer scanner system has been described by a mathematical modeling. Then, a novel arbitrary scanning path generating strategy based on CSLDV is presented by deforming a normalization rectangular scanning path to an arbitrary continuous scanning path. The mapping relation between the normalization rectangular scanning path and arbitrary continuous scanning path is established using the reference points. In the second step, a compressor blade with curved surface was taken as an example for modal test using the proposed method. At the same time, a validated experiment was performed in SLDV. The results show the mode shapes derived from the extended CSLDV are in agreement with those from SLDV and the Modal Assurance Criterion (MAC) between the two are all greater than 0.96. They also demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method for CSLDV test and show strong potential on further practical engineering applications.     

Encounter trajectories for deep space mission ASTER to the triple near Earth asteroid 2001-SN263. The laser altimeter (ALR) point of view

In cooperation with Russia, the Brazilian deep space mission ASTER plans to send a small spacecraft to investigate the triple asteroid 2001-SN263. The nearest launch opportunities for this project include June 2022 and June 2025. One main exploration campaign is being planned with focus on the largest asteroid (Alpha). Among the instruments under development, a laser altimeter (named ALR) was preliminarily designed and presented in 2010–2011. Many studies to define mission and instruments requirements were performed aiming at the characterization of important issues for the successful realization of the mission. Among them, the identification of a suitable trajectory that could be followed by the ASTER spacecraft in the encounter phase, when the main campaign will take place. This paper describes the effort undertaken with focus on the laser altimeter operation. Possible encounter trajectories were modelled and simulated to identify suitable approach parameters and conditions allowing the accomplishment of the intended investigation. The simulation also involves the instrument operation, considering approach geometry, attitude, relative motion, time/date, and the dynamics of the main asteroid. From the laser altimeter point of view, keeping in mind the desired coverage results (50% minimum surface coverage of asteroid Alpha, complying with horizontal and vertical resolution requirements), results point out crucial features for the encounter trajectory, like the need for a small inclination (10^-6 degrees; with respect to the asteroid's orbit), the most favourable spacecraft positioning (between the Sun and the asteroid) and pointing condition (back to the Sun), the minimum amount of achievable surface coverage (58%, focused on central areas), and the most proper time to conduct the main campaign (January 2025). Concerning the instrument, results offer refined values for divergence angle (500 to 650 μrad, half-cone), pulse repetition frequencies (from 1/20 to 1 Hz), and consequent data generation rates. A simulation tool that can use any 3D generated trajectories as input data was created for the analyses presented here. Although created for the ALR in this mission, this simple analysis tool can be adapted to other instruments in this or other missions.     

具有SGCMG系统的挠性卫星姿态机动控制及验证

针对挠性卫星在轨姿态快速机动的需求，开展了星体姿态机动控制方法及控制实现研究。基于建立的挠性卫星姿态跟踪控制误差方程，给出了PD控制与补偿控制相结合的姿态跟踪控制器形式；考虑系统实现的时延影响，利用经典频率分析方法选择了兼顾系统稳定性及宽带控制的控制参数；在控制具体实现中，采用一种新型的基于力矩矢量调节奇异规避操纵策略，克服常规鲁棒奇异规避操纵存在的框架“锁死”现象，在解决奇异规避的同时避免激发挠性振动。所提出方法的有效性通过了在轨验证。