一种新的四路激光跟踪坐标测量系统的基点标定方法

在激光跟踪三维坐标测量系统中,系统首先要经过标定,才可以进行实际测量。因此系统标定的准确度会直接影响系统最终测量准确度。为了提高标定准确度,提出一种新的标定方法,即利用直线法原理,在优化布局下,采用两路激光干涉仪测量出基点的三维坐标。仿真结果表明目标点相对于基点呈对称分布时,测得的基点坐标准确度比非对称分布时高6到7倍,并通过实验得出了在该优化布局下的基点坐标。     

Instability and unsteadiness of aircraft wake vortices

This paper presents a review of theoretical and experimental results on stability and other unsteady properties of aircraft wakes. The basic mechanisms responsible for the propagation and the amplification of perturbation along vortices, namely the Kelvin waves and the cooperative instabilities, are first detailed. These two generic unsteady mechanisms are described by considering asymptotic linear stability analysis of model flows such as vortex filaments or Lamb–Oseen vortices. Extension of the linear analysis to more representative flows, using a biglobal stability approach, is also described. Experimental results obtained using LDV, hot wire and PIV in wind tunnels are presented and they are commented upon the light of theory.     

Magnetosphere Imaging Instrument (MIMI) on the Cassini Mission to Saturn/Titan

The magnetospheric imaging instrument (MIMI) is a neutral and charged particle detection system on the Cassini orbiter spacecraft designed to perform both global imaging and in-situ measurements to study the overall configuration and dynamics of Saturn’s magnetosphere and its interactions with the solar wind, Saturn’s atmosphere, Titan, and the icy satellites. The processes responsible for Saturn’s aurora will be investigated; a search will be performed for substorms at Saturn; and the origins of magnetospheric hot plasmas will be determined. Further, the Jovian magnetosphere and Io torus will be imaged during Jupiter flyby. The investigative approach is twofold. (1) Perform remote sensing of the magnetospheric energetic (E > 7 keV) ion plasmas by detecting and imaging charge-exchange neutrals, created when magnetospheric ions capture electrons from ambient neutral gas. Such escaping neutrals were detected by the Voyager l spacecraft outside Saturn’s magnetosphere and can be used like photons to form images of the emitting regions, as has been demonstrated at Earth. (2) Determine through in-situ measurements the 3-D particle distribution functions including ion composition and charge states (E > 3 keV/e). The combination of in-situ measurements with global images, together with analysis and interpretation techniques that include direct “forward modeling’’ and deconvolution by tomography, is expected to yield a global assessment of magnetospheric structure and dynamics, including (a) magnetospheric ring currents and hot plasma populations, (b) magnetic field distortions, (c) electric field configuration, (d) particle injection boundaries associated with magnetic storms and substorms, and (e) the connection of the magnetosphere to ionospheric altitudes. Titan and its torus will stand out in energetic neutral images throughout the Cassini orbit, and thus serve as a continuous remote probe of ion flux variations near 20R _S (e.g., magnetopause crossings and substorm plasma injections). The Titan exosphere and its cometary interaction with magnetospheric plasmas will be imaged in detail on each flyby. The three principal sensors of MIMI consists of an ion and neutral camera (INCA), a charge–energy–mass-spectrometer (CHEMS) essentially identical to our instrument flown on the ISTP/Geotail spacecraft, and the low energy magnetospheric measurements system (LEMMS), an advanced design of one of our sensors flown on the Galileo spacecraft. The INCA head is a large geometry factor (G ∼ 2.4 cm² sr) foil time-of-flight (TOF) camera that separately registers the incident direction of either energetic neutral atoms (ENA) or ion species (≥5^∘ full width half maximum) over the range 7 keV/nuc < E < 3 MeV/nuc. CHEMS uses electrostatic deflection, TOF, and energy measurement to determine ion energy, charge state, mass, and 3-D anisotropy in the range 3 ≤ E ≤ 220 keV/e with good (∼0.05 cm² sr) sensitivity. LEMMS is a two-ended telescope that measures ions in the range 0.03 ≤ E ≤ 18 MeV and electrons 0.015 ≤ E≤ 0.884 MeV in the forward direction (G ∼ 0.02 cm² sr), while high energy electrons (0.1–5 MeV) and ions (1.6–160 MeV) are measured from the back direction (G ∼ 0.4 cm² sr). The latter are relevant to inner magnetosphere studies of diffusion processes and satellite microsignatures as well as cosmic ray albedo neutron decay (CRAND). Our analyses of Voyager energetic neutral particle and Lyman-α measurements show that INCA will provide statistically significant global magnetospheric images from a distance of ∼60 R _S every 2–3 h (every ∼10 min from ∼20 R _S). Moreover, during Titan flybys, INCA will provide images of the interaction of the Titan exosphere with the Saturn magnetosphere every 1.5 min. Time resolution for charged particle measurements can be < 0.1 s, which is more than adequate for microsignature studies. Data obtained during Venus-2 flyby and Earth swingby in June and August 1999, respectively, and Jupiter flyby in December 2000 to January 2001 show that the instrument is performing well, has made important and heretofore unobtainable measurements in interplanetary space at Jupiter, and will likely obtain high-quality data throughout each orbit of the Cassini mission at Saturn. Sample data from each of the three sensors during the August 18 Earth swingby are shown, including the first ENA image of part of the ring current obtained by an instrument specifically designed for this purpose. Similarily, measurements in cis-Jovian space include the first detailed charge state determination of Iogenic ions and several ENA images of that planet’s magnetosphere.This revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

激光微推进器用于微小卫星的姿轨控仿真

为研究激光微推进器用于微小卫星在轨空间飞行任务的可行性,利用已建立的激光推进微小卫星仿真平台,对微小卫星在轨姿态调整、轨道维持和轨道转移等飞行任务进行了仿真和分析。仿真结果表明,星载激光微推进器可满足在轨微小卫星的高控制精度姿态调整、近地观测轨道维持以及较长时间要求的轨道转移等空间任务对推进系统的要求。     

含能工质激光烧蚀推进效率分析

为了分析在高能脉冲激光作用下,含能工质化学能对推进性能的影响,在实验的基础上,对固体含能工质激光烧蚀推进过程中的能量效率进行了初步分析。结果表明:含能工质自身化学能在激光推进中具有重要的作用;与火箭推进方式相比,固体含能材料激光烧蚀推进方式的能量利用效率更高。     

Ti-24A1-17 Nb合金的激光焊接

研究了Ti-24Al-17Nb合金的激光焊接及其接头的力学性能.研究结果表明,连续激光氦气双面保护可以获得保护效果可靠、无缺陷、成型良好的焊接接头.焊接热输入增大不利于接头的纵向弯曲塑性,而接头的横向拉伸强度与母材基本相同,塑性可以接近母材的塑性,达到14%～17%.     

高能CO2激光腔镜高反介质薄膜的传输特性

为了获得适用于高能CO2激光器的高抗破坏阈值高反薄膜,以10.6μm高反膜ZnSe/YbF3,PbTe/BaF2膜系为例,数值模拟了激光在高反介质膜中的传输的场特性;给出了激光在多层介质膜中的场强分布、温度场分布及热应力分布。结果表明硅镜基体上的PbTe/BaF2膜系所需膜层厚度小、膜层数少,反射率可高达99.98%。     

彩色三维激光快速成型技术的研究

目前逆向工程采用线结构激光和一个彩色面阵CCD摄像机构成三维彩色扫描系统,彩色CCD摄像机分两次对被测物体成像,首先摄取物体的彩色图片,然后加用滤光片再摄取激光光平面上的三维信息.最后将两次获取的信息重叠,便可得到三维彩色信息.提出了激光光平面方程式三维测量方法,建立了相应的数学模型.研制成一套适用于彩色逆向工程流程,并进行了实验研究,给出了实验结果.     

Spectroscopy peculiarities of thermal plasma of electric arc discharge between electrodes with Zn admixtures

Plasma of the free burning electric arc between Ag–SnO₂–ZnO composite electrodes as well as brass electrodes were investigated. The plasma temperature distributions were obtained by Boltzmann plot method involving Cu I, Ag I or Zn I spectral line emissions. The electron density distributions were obtained from the width and from absolute intensity of spectral lines. The laser absorption spectroscopy was used for measurement of copper atom concentration in plasma. Plasma equilibrium composition was calculated using two independent groups of experimental values (temperature and copper atom concentration, temperature and electron density). It was found that plasma of the free burning electric arc between brass electrodes is in local thermodynamical equilibrium. The experimental verification of the spectroscopic data of Zn I spectral lines was carried out.