飞机结构件数控车间的质量信息管理与集成技术

结合数控车间的质量管理实际情况,讨论了车间质量管理组织的职能及信息流的过程,提出了计算机辅助质量信息管理系统构架,建立了车间计算机辅助质量信息管理系统的模型。并从飞机结构件数控机加车间集成环境出发,研究了产品制造信息、生产调度信息和质量信息的集成,介绍了一种通用的以PDM为平台的、基于XML的集成技术。     

Investigation of precursory phenomena in the ionosphere,atmosphere and groundwater before large earthquakes of M > 6.5

Precursory phenomena in the ionosphere, atmosphere and groundwater before large earthquakes (M > 6.5) are extensively investigated toward the earthquake prediction. Upward tornado type seismic clouds occurred near the epicenter associated with strong LF-VLF radio noises from lightning discharges in the evening of January 9, 1995 [Yamada, T., Oike, K. On the increase of electromagnetic noises before and after the 1995 Hyogo-Ken Nanbu earthquake. In: Hayakawa M. (Ed.), Atmospheric and Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes. TERRAPUB, Tokyo, pp. 417–427, 1999] and anomalous foEs increases up to 10 MHz were detected at Shigaraki, 90 km of the epicenter and at Kokubunji, 500 km east of the epicenter [Ondoh, T. Anomalous sporadic-E layers observed before M7.2 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake; Terrestrial gas emanation model. Adv. Polar Upper Atmos. Res. 17, 96–108, 2003; Ondoh, T. Anomalous sporadic-E ionization before a great earthquake, Adv. Space Research 34, 1830–1835, 2004] associated with strong ELF noises from lightning discharges in the daytime on January 15, 1995 [Hata, M., Fujii, T., Takumi, I. EM precursor of large-scale earthquakes in Japan, in: Abstracts of International Workshop on Seismo Electromagnetics (IWSE 2005), Univ. Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan, March 15–17, pp. 182–186, 2005] before the M7.2 Hyogoken–Nanbu earthquake of January 17, 1995. The anomalous foEs increases occurred at epicentral distances within 500 km that are the same as those of the terrestrial gas emanations along active faults before large earthquakes [King, C.-Y. Gas geochemistry applied to earthquake prediction: An overview. J. Geophys. Res. 91(B12), 12269–12281, 1986]. The anomalous foEs increases seem to be a seismic precursor because geomagnetic and solar conditions were very quiet all day on January 15,1995 and the normal foEs in Japanese winter is below 6 MHz. No significant pre-seismic geomagnetic field variation was detected at epicentral distance of 100 km before this earthquake [Ondoh, T., Hayakawa, M. Anomalous occurrence of sporadic-E layers before the Hyogoken–Nanbu earthquake, M7.2 of January 17, 1995. In: Hayakawa, M. (Ed.), Atmospheric and Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes, TERRAPUB, Tokyo, pp. 629–639, 1999; Ondoh, T., Hayakawa, M. Seismo discharge model of anomalous sporadic E ionization before great earthquakes. In: Hayakawa, M., O.A. Molchanov, (Eds.), Seismo Electromagnetics: Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere Couplings, TERRAPUB, Tokyo, pp. 385–390, 2002; Ondoh. T., Hayakawa, M. Synthetic study of precursory phenomena of the M7.2 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake. Phys. Chem. Earth 31, 378–388, 2006]. The foF2 decrease and h’F increase occurred before the M7.8 Hokkaido Nansei-Oki earthquake of July 12,1993 in a geomagnetic quiet period [Ondoh, T. Ionospheric disturbances associated with great earthquake of Hokkaido southwest coast, Japan of July 12, 1993. Phys. Earth Planet. Interiors. 105, 261–269, 1998; Ondoh, T. Seismo ionospheric phenomena. Adv. Space Res. 26, 8, 1267–1272, 2000]. Characteristic phase changes at terminator times of Omega 10.2 kHz waves passing 70 km of the epicenter extended toward darker local times by 1 h for 3 days before this earthquake due to lowering of the wave reflection height or ion density increases in the D region [Hayakawa, M., Molchanov, O. A., Ondoh, T., Kawai, E. The precursory signature effect of the Kobe earthquake on VLF subionospheric signals. J. Commun. Res. La., 43, 00. 169–180, 1996]. The radon concentration in the atmosphere over Ashiya fault, Kobe [Yasuoka, Y., Shinogi, M. Anomaly in atmospheric radon concentration: a possible precursor of the 1995 Kobe, Japan, earthquake. Health Phys. 72(5), 759–761, 1997] and in the groundwater at 17 m well in Nishinomiya, Japan [Igarashi, G., Saeki, S., Takahata, N., Sumikawa, K., Tasaki, S., Sasaki, Y., Takahashi, M., Sano, Y. Ground-water radon anomaly before the Kobe earthquake in Japan. Science 269, 60–61, 1995] had gradually increased since 2 months before the M7.2 earthquake, increased suddenly in December 1994, and rapidly returned to the normal low level of October, 1994 [Yasuoka, Y., Shinogi, M. 1997. Anomaly in atmospheric radon concentration: a possible precursor of the 1995 Kobe. Japan, earthquake. Health Phys. 72(5), 759–761.]. Radon concentration changes in the groundwater before the M 7.0 Izu-Oshima-kinkai earthquake, Japan on January 14, 1978 [Wakita, H., Nakamura, Y., Notsu, K., Noguchi, M., Asada, T. 1980. Radon anomaly: a possible precursor of the 1978 Izu-Oshima-kinkai earthquake. Science 207, 882–883] and the M6.8 Chengkung earthquake, Taiwan on December 10, 2003 [Kuo, T., Fan, K., Chen, W., Kuochen, H., Han, Y., Wang, C., Chang, T., Lee, Y. Radon anomaly at the Antung Hot Spring before the Taiwan M6.8 Chengkung earthquake. Proceedings, Thirty-First Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, January 30–February 1, 2006, SGP-TR-179, 2006] are also investigated to find common features of the groundwater radon concentration changes before large earthquakes (M > 6.5) in comparison with those before the M7.2 Hyogoken–Nanbu earthquake. Groundwater radon concentrations before the 3 large earthquakes had shown common characteristic changes of gradually initial ones from the normal level since about 2 months before the earthquake onsets, rapid decreases down to the minimum, and quick increases up to the maximum at 7–20 days before the earthquake onsets, respectively. These are very useful characteristics of pre-seismic radon anomaly for the earthquake prediction or warning. Promising observations toward the earthquake prediction are also discussed.     

空间站大型伸展机构柔性多体动力学数值计算

对用ｋａｎｅ方法建立的空间站大型伸展机构柔性多体动力学数学模型,从数值计算方法和软件实现方面进行了研究。文章采用局部附着浮动坐标系描述各构件的刚体大范围伸展运动;用截断的子结构正则模态描述各构件的柔性变形;用求解刚性方程的ＴＲＥＡＮＯＲ方法进行数值积分;用混合法对系统的微分－代数动力学方程组进行求解。还对空间站伸展机构多体系统的约束方程建立、独立坐标选取和动力学方程的ｓｔｉｆｆ病态问题进行了讨论。并针对空间站伸展机构在驱动展开过程中以及展开完成后的动力学响应进行了算例计算。     

弯曲载荷下薄壁结构疲劳裂纹扩展性能

对某飞机座舱盖侧型材与锁环连接部位的疲劳裂纹扩展性能进行了研究。该结构区别于常见薄壁结构的特征是承受较大的弯曲载荷,使得利用薄板I型裂纹扩展的常用方法进行寿命分析会产生较大的误差。为了研究弯曲载荷下薄壁结构的疲劳裂纹扩展性能,开展了带孔板和侧型材结构模拟件的疲劳裂纹扩展试验。通过有限元仿真分析,研究了弯曲载荷对裂尖应力强度因子的影响,提出了一种当量应力强度因子变程公式;对本文所涉及的2种类型受弯曲载荷作用的试件,裂纹扩展寿命预测结果与试验吻合较好。研究表明,在相同的名义应力和裂纹长度下,薄板受弯时裂纹应力强度因子、裂纹扩展速率远低于受拉的情况;结构受到弯曲载荷时,锁环对连接部位的应力有显著的抑制作用,可以减缓疲劳裂纹的扩展;此外,合理的结构设计能够增加关键部位受弯时的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命。     

基于实时引导修正的大口径天线对星快速校相方法

对测控站中快速校准和差通道相位的方法进行了原理分析,以18 m口径天线为例,论证了在X频段下大口径天线的空间波束相对于S频段更窄,利用X频段空间目标进行快速校相时需要天线系统提供更高的指向精度来满足校相时的角度偏置处于主瓣内.通过分析抛物面天线的指向误差源和模型,提出了基于该模型进行目标引导数据误差反向修正的工程应用方...     

后退式微型后缘装置对机翼增升和流动特性影响的实验研究

实验测量了加装"后退式微型后缘装置"的NACA23012机翼在低雷诺数下的升/阻力、力矩和翼尖涡速度分布,并根据实验测量结果研究了该装置对机翼气动特性和翼尖涡结构的影响。实验升/阻力由六分量风洞天平测量,翼尖涡速度分布用七孔探针扫描获得,自由来流速度为15m/s,以弦长为特征长度的雷诺数为1×105。结果表明:与NACA23012原型相比,加装"后退式Mini-TED"后机翼升力显著增加,失速攻角减小;而使机翼阻力比原型翼在小攻角时略有增加,但在大攻角时有更明显的增长;在中高升力系数的情况下,机翼升阻比明显大于原型机翼;Mini-TED使得气动中心后移,相比于原型翼,机翼低头力矩以较为平稳的趋势增加,使机翼在中等攻角和大攻角情况下的俯仰稳定性得到提高;翼尖涡测量结果显示,后退式Mini-TED机翼在相同的正攻角下具有更大的上下翼面压力差,诱导出更强的翼尖涡和下洗运动,从而使得诱导阻力增加,总阻力也随之增加。     

基于旋转爆震三维流场结构分析的计算模型对比研究

为了研究不同计算模型对三维旋转爆震数值模拟的影响,分别基于Euler方程、N-S方程、RANS方法和IDDES方法并结合滑移、无滑移壁面边界条件,耦合氢气/空气的有限化学反应速率模型（7组分8基元反应）,采用高分辨率的五阶有限差分格式WENO-PPM5离散对流项,对圆环筒型燃烧室内的三维旋转爆震波进行数值模拟,得到了不同模型下旋转爆震波的流场结构、传播特性和推力性能。对比了不同计算模型对流场结构的影响。当采用滑移壁面边界条件时,Euler方程和N-S方程的计算结果较为一致。当使用无滑移壁面边界条件时,边界层的存在会导致可燃混气与燃烧产物之间接触面上的爆燃燃烧区域沿壁面向上游渗透,增大爆燃区域的范围;且爆震波锋面非受限侧变窄、严重变形,不同计算方法计算的变形程度有所不同。     

浅槽孔气膜冷却的大涡模拟研究

为了探究浅槽孔气膜冷却的强化冷却机理,针对平板浅槽型气膜孔冷却射流与主流相干作用进行大涡模拟研究,并与圆孔射流进行对比分析。研究结果表明:浅槽孔内部会形成一对循环涡旋,将冷却气向展向卷吸;浅槽孔下游会同时出现肾形涡对和反肾形涡对,反肾形涡对抑制了气膜冷却射流的抬升,改善了冷气贴壁性;与圆孔相比,浅槽孔气膜冷却射流的流场拟序结构分布更为无序,浅槽前缘未出现马蹄涡旋,射流下游也未形成串列的发卡涡;当吹风比增长到1.5时,浅槽孔在低频区(400Hz处)出现主频,在高频区的振幅则远低于圆孔,表明高吹风比下浅槽孔气膜冷却射流流场中低频小尺度涡旋占主导作用。整体而言,浅槽孔提升了气膜的展向扩展能力,冷却性能远优于传统圆孔。     

FAST一次支撑系统的实验研究

介绍了FAST光机电一体化的索支撑轻型指向跟踪系统的关键技术之一一次支撑系统，并对一次支撑系统1：30缩尺模型进行了系统的实验研究，测试了小车在跟踪模式下不同轨迹上的控制效果，测量并计算了小车的等效刚度，通过刚度系数估计了小车的风载响应。实验结果表明，本文所提出的一次支撑方案可以达到一次支撑结构所要求的位置控制精度。本文的研究利用大跨度悬索体系实现对空间目标的精确位置控制具有一定的参考价值。     

弹性变形对柔性机翼气动特性影响分析

针对大展弦比全复合材料机翼的非线性静气弹响应行为,采用CFD/CSM(Computational Fluid Dynamics/Computational Structural Mechanics)弱耦合方法,使用三维N-S方程和结构力学方程以及动网格生成技术和压强插值技术,通过高精度的数值模拟,求解了大展弦比柔性机翼在结构几何非线性变形状态下的非线性静气弹响应问题.算例分别对典型的大展弦比复合材料前掠机翼和后掠机翼进行了求解,计算结果表明,与前掠翼相比,后掠翼的升力系数明显降低,升阻比降低,严重偏离了刚性机翼的设计点,在柔性机翼的气动设计中必须加以考虑.