敏捷性和过失速机动

对目前深受重视的敏捷性和过失速机动问题作了扼要介绍。内容包括:问题的提出:敏捷性的定义及其量度;非常规机动的形式;敏捷性与空战效率和飞行品质的关联:以及敏捷性与飞机设计的关联等。     

时延-角度特性研究

本文在球不对称局域准抛物电离层模型下,设计了一套射线追踪算法的计算机程序。研究了时延随角度变化特性。指出了最小时延的传统求解方法的适应范围,讨论了时延-角度特性曲线与返回散射电离图的关系及其能量分布特点。      

一种基于流量法的大型贮罐容积标定系统

以新一代运载火箭燃料贮罐容积标定系统项目研制为背景,介绍了一种基于流量法的大型贮罐容积标定系统的设计思路、原理、方法和组成,并对系统的测量不确定度进行了理论评定。该系统不仅可以得到比较准确的过程参数,且可以推广应用于各种大型容器的"液位—容积"或"容积—液位"的准确标定。     

8m×6m风洞特大迎角试验设备研制

8m×6m风洞特大迎角试验设备是该风洞最新配套的多用途支撑系统,其主要用途包括3个方面:(1)支撑战斗机模型完成特大迎角状态测力、测压试验任务,迎角连续变化范围0°~120°,侧滑角变化范围达±30°;(2)支撑大尺度模型(最大翼展达6m)完成常规测力、测压、地效试验任务,此时迎角连续变化范围-10°~30°,在特定条件下,迎角可扩展到70°以上;(3)支撑特殊模型进行特种试验,包括细长体模型、车辆模型、螺旋桨模型、动力模拟试验模型等.该设备主要特点有:模型支撑方式多样,可满足常规和大量特种模型支撑和姿态变化需要;系统刚性强,模型支撑牢固,变形小;机构运行灵活,模型姿态变化定位精确.     

Variable structure maneuvering control with time-varying sliding surface and active vibration damping of flexible spacecraft with input saturation

This paper presents a dual-stage control system design method for the three-axis-rotational maneuver and vibration stabilization of a spacecraft with flexible appendages embedded with piezoceramics as sensors/actuators. In this design approach, attitude control system and vibration suppression were designed separately using lower order model. The design of attitude controller was based on variable-structure control (VSC) theory leading to a discontinuous control law. To accomplish asymptotic attitude maneuvering in the closed-loop system and be insensitive to the interaction of elastic modes in the presence of unknown disturbances/uncertainty and input saturation as well, a switching mechanism is employed to design the attitude controller such that outside the sliding region VSC law with a time-varying sliding surface is implemented and inside the region the VSC law with a linear sliding surface is activated. Furthermore, a hyperbolic tangent function in conjunction with a sharpness function permitted to vary with time according to a set of user-defined parameters is implemented to offset the disadvantages of existing saturation-respecting controller and chattering. In addition, for actively damping the excited elastic vibrations during attitude maneuvering, modal velocity feedback and strain rate feedback control design methods are presented and compared by using piezoelectric materials as additional sensors and actuators bonded on the surface of the flexible appendages. Numerical simulations are performed to show that rotational maneuver and vibration suppression are accomplished in spite of the presence of disturbance torque, parameter uncertainty and control saturation nonlinearity.     

空间实验室的精度测量新方法

空间实验室地面总装需要精确地测量GNC设备及有效载荷等仪器之间的相对角度关系,由于空间实验室尺寸大,仪器分布距离远,且部分仪器安装在内部,其精度测量难以实施。文章针对空间实验室的特点提出了一种使用陀螺经纬仪取代普通经纬仪的测量方法,该方法以大地坐标系为公共坐标系,不需要经纬仪之间远距离互瞄和坐标传递,能够有效地实现远距离测量和舱内舱外仪器的相对测量。文中阐述了新方法的数学原理,分析了测量精度,并与普通经纬仪建站测量进行了比较,认为陀螺经纬仪测量方法具有精度高使用灵活的优点。     

宽角扫描相控阵天线有源阻抗的计算

在进行相控阵天线设计时,需要辐射单元间互耦进行分析与计算,采用小阵试验的方法来进行相控阵天线有源阻抗匹配比较耗时、费力。文章介绍了一种比较实用的相控阵天线有源阻抗匹配计算方法,并利用HFSS软件给出了两个仿真计算实例和试验验证结果,具有重要的参考价值。     

Spray characteristics of jet–swirl nozzles for thrust chamber injector

Thrust chamber injector is very critical component since that small differences in its design can result in dramatically different performance. This paper presents a preliminary investigation of a mono-propellant jet–swirl nozzle for thrust chamber using the existing commercial nozzle made of brass with little modification. The performance of two types of spray pattern, i.e. hollow cone and solid cone were investigated under cold flow test. Two solid cone injectors were studied at various purely axial orifice diameter with all other parameters remaining constant. This investigation reveals that decrease in the breakup length increased the spray angle. Higher injection pressure leads to shorter breakup length and higher value of discharge coefficient, except for hollow cone nozzle which shows mild fluctuating trend. Experimental data also tells that solid cone nozzle with diameter ratio 0.14 has the highest average discharge coefficient (0.60), followed by hollow cone nozzle (0.25). Solid cone nozzle with diameter ratio of 0.1 has an average discharge coefficient of 0.21.     

空间目标碰撞概率的显式表达式及影响因素分析

在圆轨道情况下推导了空间目标碰撞概率的显式表达式,将碰撞概率表示为空间目标交会几何条件(过交线高度差、过交线时间差、轨道夹角等)和RSW坐标系误差方差的显式函数.根据显式表达式对碰撞概率的影响因素进行了分析,研究了过交线高度差、过交线时间差、轨道夹角、位置预报误差、等效半径等因素对碰撞概率的影响,得出了一些有意义的结论.     

纳米流体强化倾斜丝网热管换热特性

对纳米流体强化不同倾角轴向丝网热管的换热特性进行了实验研究,实验以水基CuO纳米流体作为工质,在稳压条件下运行,运行压力为7.45,12.38和19.97 kPa(对应的蒸汽饱和温度为40℃,50℃和60℃).实验结果表明,纳米流体质量浓度对倾斜热管的总热阻有明显的影响,存在一个使热管热阻最小的最佳质量浓度,此质量浓度为1.0%.倾角对热管的换热特性有很大的影响,倾角为45°左右时,热管的蒸发换热系数强化率最大.在此倾角下,蒸发换热系数最大增加了20%,热管的总热阻大约降低了15%.而最大热流密度的强化效果则随着热管倾角的增大而增强,最大增加25%左右.