星座自主导航可视化仿真与分析系统的研制

近年来,星座自主导航技术在卫星自主导航领域越来越引起人们的关注。为更好地研究星座自主导航方法,本文从数据分析、视景仿真和导航解算三个方面论述了星座自主导航视景仿真系统的实现过程。该仿真系统采用ADO技术、OpenGL技术和MATCOM软件来分别实现数据分析模块、视景仿真模块和星座自主导航解算。实验结果表明,软件最终达到了集数据分析、视景仿真和导航解算于一体的仿真效果。     

基于改进POCET技术的通导一体化信号设计

随着低轨卫星组网的发展,结合我国北斗三号全球卫星导航系统的全面建成,研究兼容北斗的通信导航一体化技术日益迫切。为使卫星上的高功率放大器工作在非线性饱和区,以达到较高的发射功率效率,需要保证合成信号的恒包络特性。考虑北斗导航信号与低轨卫星通信信号频点不同,且待复用信号分量较多,以相位优化恒包络发射（POCET）技术为基础,提出了一种改进的多频点多非独立信号分量恒包络复用技术,对七路信号进行复用,利用罚函数进行目标函数优化得到最优解。通过分析其信号特性,表明该方法具有较高的复用效率,并能有效抑制非独立分量造成的波形畸变,从而实现通信导航一体化信号设计,为未来基于低轨卫星的通信导航一体化波形设计提供了思路。     

低轨对地观测卫星凝视成像仪探讨

文章介绍了典型空间信息获取方式及特点,阐述了低轨对地观测卫星凝视成像面临的问题及解决对策,对两种低轨对地观测卫星凝视成像仪及其应用进行了探讨。     

单站多普勒跟踪定轨的优化算法

由于低轨道小卫星应用的日益广泛，在轨卫星数目的迅速膨胀，对传统的多个地面站相互协调管理卫星领域模式提出了挑战。小卫星的低成本特性必然要求存在与之相应的地面站设施降低复杂性、降低成本。本文针对当前已提出的单站多普勒定轨方案，进一步研究了多普勒定轨的有关方法，提出和建立了多普勒定轨的优化算法与模型，最后进行了仿真分析与模型的有效性验证。     

基于全球网和区域网SLR数据的低轨卫星定轨精度分析

卫星激光测距(SLR)是目前低轨卫星常用的定轨手段之一.文章以贾森-1(Jason-1)和"环境卫星"(EN VISAT)实测数据为例,讨论了不同弧段长度(1天、3天和7天)的全球网SLR数据对低轨卫星定轨精度的影响,分析了基于美国网、欧洲网和亚洲网等区域网SLR数据的低轨卫星精密定轨精度.检验定轨精度的参考轨道来自美...     

Optimal mission planning of the reconfiguration process of satellite constellations through orbital maneuvers: A novel technical framework

In this paper, a general new methodology is presented for the orbital reconfiguration of satellite constellations on the basis of Lambert targeting theorem. In view of the cost and risk reduction, it is very important to consider the problem of satellite constellation reconfiguration with the two constraints of overall mission cost minimization and the desired final configuration. Hence, the dependent non-simultaneous deployment approach is proposed to minimize overall fuel cost. Despite the fact that the satellites deploy in a non-simultaneous manner, supplementary phasing maneuvers on the target orbital pattern to achieve the desired orbital configuration are avoided. Moreover, a novel idea is presented to optimize the flight of satellites, which plays an important role in complying with the constraint of overall fuel cost minimization as much as possible. In order to achieve the global optimal solution of the satellite constellation reconfiguration problem, the efficient hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization/Genetic Algorithm (PSO/GA) technique, is implemented. Finally, to indicate the superiority of the presented method, a comparison to the simultaneous maneuver viewpoint is made on a number of representative cases. The obtained results imply significant reduction of reconfiguration costs by employing the proposed method.     

A novel signal processing approach for LEO space debris based on a fence-type space surveillance radar system

The increase in space debris can seriously threaten regular activities in the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) environment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop robust, efficient and reliable techniques to understand the potential motions of the LEO debris. In this paper, we propose a novel signal processing approach to detect and estimate the motions of LEO space debris that is based on a fence-type space surveillance radar system. Because of the sparse distribution of the orbiting debris through the fence in our observations, we formulate the signal detection and the motion parameter estimation as a sparse signal reconstruction problem with respect to an over-complete dictionary. Moreover, we propose a new scheme to reduce the size of the original over-complete dictionary without the loss of the important information. This new scheme is based on a careful analysis of the relations between the acceleration and the directions of arrival for the corresponding LEO space debris. Our simulation results show that the proposed approach can achieve extremely good performance in terms of the accuracy for detection and estimation. Furthermore, our simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the approach in scenarios with a low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and the super-resolution properties. We hope our signal processing approach can stimulate further work on monitoring LEO space debris.     

具有星间链路的导航星座重构研究

针对具有星间链路的导航星座在卫星节点或链路失效情况下的重构优化设计问题,提出了一种基于遗传算法的设计方法。首先,根据导航星座的功能需求与设计约束,建立了星座综合重构优化设计模型。其次,提出了基于遗传算法的综合优化设计方法,并根据问题特性对遗传算法的具体操作进行了修改。最后,应用该方法对Walker 24/3/2构型星座及网状星间网络在节点和链路混合故障模式下的重构进行了优化设计。结果表明,基于该方法重构后的星座与网络拓扑性能能够得到一定程度的改善,证明了方法的可行性。     

基于改进的NSGA-Ⅱ算法的区域覆盖卫星星座优化

对基于Pareto最优概念的非劣性分层遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)进行了改进，与区域覆盖卫星星座的多目标优化设计相结合，提出基于改进的NSGA-Ⅱ算法的区域覆盖卫星星座优化设计方法，并利用多属性决策中的字典序法，根据目标的重要程度，在得到的Pareto解中进行选择．最后，利用STK和Matlab工具对遥感卫星星座进行了仿真，仿真结果表明该算法可以找到多个Pareto解，避免了传统的多目标优化求解方法的权值选择问题，并且比简单遗传算法具有更好的灵活性，从而解决了多目标优化的星座设计问题。     

面向导航增强的低轨星座设计与应用

随着传统产业升级和新兴技术的发展,社会生产和生活对分米级、厘米级的实时精准定位需求日益凸显。低轨卫星轨道高度低、信号强度大、短时间内几何构型变化快,因此应用低轨卫星开展导航增强服务成为研究热点。低轨卫星的增强服务性能依赖于星座的快速组网和设计,低轨卫星星座构型、轨道高度、轨道倾角等是影响其覆盖性能和增强性能的关键因素。全面分析了低轨星座设计的关键要素,包括轨道高度、轨道倾角和单星覆盖性、地面人口密度、空间环境等,在此基础上设计了单构型和复合构型低轨导航增强星座,并进一步分析低轨星座的覆盖性能。结果显示:复合低轨导航增强星座可以实现对全球的连续覆盖,同时满足极地高密度覆盖和低纬度的连续覆盖需求,对北斗导航系统的增强效果明显。