论我国农村集体土地法律制度的完善

土地利用效益不高,长期以来一直制约着农民收入的增长。《物权法》的颁布,对提高土地的效益将会起着重大的促进作用。本文探讨了在《物权法》的实施过程中,我们应当注意的一些具体问题。     

"手术同意书"的法律性质分析

关于“手术同意书”法律性质的不同学说,各有特点利弊;它是手术治疗的前提,其实质是现代人权思想在医学领域的反映,形式上是患者自决权的法律保障;它不仅表明了医患双方的权利义务,更反映医患之间特殊的信任关系。对“手术同意书”中免责条款效力的判定,必须符合三个基本要素,并由专门机构进行。     

基于知识的涡轮叶片精铸模具智能设计系统框架

针对涡轮叶片精铸模具设计过程中存在的设计周期过长、专家知识重用率不高、智能化程度不高等问题、提出将知识工程引入涡轮叶片精铸模具设计领域,构建基于知识的精铸模具智能化设计系统,在此基础上.重点研究了智能设计系统中相关关键技术.应用结果表明,该系统能有效地对专家知识进行继承利用,提高模具设计效率和质量.     

Towards a cooperation between the arts,space science research and the European Space Agency – Preliminary findings of the ESA Topical Team Arts and Sciences (ETTAS)

The arts offer alternative insights into reality, which are explored by science in general, and broadened by the activities conducted by the European Space Agency [4] and other space agencies. Similar to the way the members of ESA are ambassadors for spaceflight and science, artists and cultural professionals are ambassadors for human expression, experimentation, and exploration. In June 2011, the ESA Topical Team Arts and Sciences (ETTAS) held a three-day workshop at the European Astronaut Centre in Cologne, Germany. During this workshop, topics and ideas were discussed to develop initiatives between the arts, sciences and ESA. The aim was to foster and expand the human and cultural aspects of space exploration, and at the same time offer a means of communication that aims to reach audiences beyond the scope of traditional space-related channels. The consensus of the team was that establishing and sustaining a transdisciplinary professional community consisting of ESA representatives, scientists and artists would fuel knowledge transfer, and mutual inspiration. Potential ways to provide a sustainable cooperation within and between the various groups were discussed. We present the preliminary findings including a number of measures and mechanisms to initiate and conduct such an initiative. Plausible organisational measures, procedures and consequences, as well as a proposition on how to proceed are also discussed. Overall, the involvement and cooperation between the arts, space science research and ESA will enhance in the citizens of the ESA member states the sense of public ownership of ESA results, and participation in ESA?s research.     

Experiments in materials science on the ground and in reduced gravity using electrostatic levitators

To counter residual accelerations, dedicated levitators or positioners are necessary to support a host of materials science experiments on the ground and in microgravity. All levitators (e.g., aerodynamic, acoustic, electromagnetic, electrostatic, optical) have their own merits and limitations but the electrostatic scheme offers the combined advantages of processing millimeter-size objects, independent heating, quasi-spherical shape of molten materials, handling of materials under extreme temperatures for hours, virtually convection-free samples, and wide view around the samples for diagnostic. These attributes provide unique research opportunities in materials science on the ground as well as under reduced gravity. In particular, electrostatic levitators are very attractive to measure the physical and structural properties of equilibrium and non-equilibrium liquids, to synthesize multi-function materials, and to understand metastable phase formation, vitrification, and diffusion. In this paper, research and development carried out by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency over the years in the field of electrostatic levitation are summarized and the main results obtained in materials science are presented.     

超轻型Mg—Li合金

Ｍｇ－Ｌｉ合金具有高的比强度和比模量,在航天及航空等领域中具有广阔的发展前景。本文详细介绍了Ｍｇ－Ｌｉ合金的发展现状及性能改善的途径。     

SiCw/Al复合材料热挤压模具设计及其对挤压棒材组织和性能的影响

用具有宏观夹铝带的ＳｉＣｗ／Ａｌ复合材料的热挤压余,对热挤压压余中的金属流线进行了观察并建立了金属流线方程,为抗日夺模具的设计提供了指导原则。本文用曲线形状较金属流线形状陆的流线凹模进行挤压,结果表明,使用该种凹模能够有效地消除金属“死区”并在一定程度上减少了晶须折断,从而提高了挤压棒的强度。     

基于知识的飞机制造协调路线交互设计技术

飞机制造协调路线是一种重要的工艺文件,是联系互换协调方案制订和容差分配的纽带。飞机制造协调路线的数字化设计对于开展计算机辅助容差设计,以及实施飞机数字化工艺具有重要意义。首先,对飞机制造协调路线的设计知识进行分类,建立其知识表示模型,并运用知识推理技术实现知识的应用。其次,建立了制造协调单元的图符库,运用图符智能捕捉技术辅助制造协调路线的交互式创建。最后,建立了飞机制造协调路线信息模型,进而实现了面向容差分配的规范化尺寸协调工艺文件自动生成,为计算机辅助容差设计提供技术支持。     

面向重用的MBD模型本体知识库构建技术研究

航空领域产生的大量历史MBD模型数据,具有很高的重用价值。构建规范化的模型存储数据结构是模型重用中需要解决的首要问题,研究了MBD模型数据的组织形式,以本体技术作为模型类型划分和属性信息的知识表示方法,设计了一种集合几何信息与非几何信息的本体数据结构。基于该数据形式将历史模型数据存储为结构化的本体知识库,通过模型关键信息检索试验验证了该技术的可行性,为海量模型数据重用奠定基础。     

混杂增强铝基复合材料的研究进展

从制备方法、力学性能、热物理性能、高温性能综述了国内外对混杂增强铝基复合材料的研究现状，提出了混杂增强复合材料目前存在的问题和今后的发展方向。