超声速燃烧室中壁面凹腔结构的稳焰机理

针对凹腔稳焰机理,分别在冷态喷流和燃烧工况下探讨了改变凹腔长深比和深度对超声速流场中的燃料掺混效果及燃烧效率的影响.研究表明:增大凹腔长深比能使燃料更容易卷入凹腔,延长其在低速回流区内的掺混时间,增强掺混、提高燃烧效率;但过大的长深比对燃烧效率改善的影响消失,反而会使剪切层运动距离增大,导致凹腔后壁面再附激波增强,引起激波耗散产生的总压损失增大,使凹腔前、后壁面压差阻力增加,所以工程中建议采用长深比为5左右的凹腔结构.增大凹腔深度虽然会使激波损失增加,但能提高主流和凹腔的质量交换率,并使凹腔容积增大,能够显著提高燃料在低速回流区的掺混和火焰稳定效果,提高燃烧效率.      

有蒸发稀液雾冷态射流的大涡模拟研究

为研究气相湍流场中液滴弥散和蒸发过程的特点和影响因素,加深对气液耦合作用的认知,用欧拉-拉格朗日相结合的办法数值模拟了稀液雾冷态受限射流和自由射流。欧拉坐标系下的气相湍流场使用大涡模拟技术模拟,离散液相则使用拉格朗日颗粒轨道模型进行描述,考虑相间质量、动量、能量交换,采用相平衡蒸发模型模拟液相的蒸发效应。模拟得到的液相速度场、粒径分布和质量流率等均和实验数据较好吻合。有回流的受限射流中初始惯性对Stokes数大的液滴弥散影响较大,而Stokes数在1附近的小液滴弥散更受气相流场结构影响。液雾单位体积蒸发速率和液滴弥散分布密切相关。自由射流中液滴受初始惯性和受气相流场作用大体一致,大小液滴的弥散分布基本满足自相似性。     

一种克服不灵敏区的自适应控制方法

利用不灵敏区逆函数技术提出了能够改善不灵敏区非线性因素对系统影响的鲁棒模型参考自适应控制.基于自适应控制模型匹配方程推导了闭环系统误差方程,分析了标称化参数估计误差.仿真研究了控制算法在导弹自动驾驶仪中的应用.      

高速摄像技术在循环床锅炉出口区域颗粒运动测量中的应用

为了说明高速摄像技术的一些特点 ,及其在多相流场颗粒运动规律研究方面的潜力 ,以循环床锅炉出口区域颗粒运动测量中的应用为例 ,采用高速摄像系统捕获可视化流场的图像 ,再进行图像分析和处理。通过对颗粒的运动速度、运动轨迹和密度分布等信息进行测量的结果表明 ,利用高速摄像技术能够成功地研究复杂流场的颗粒运动规律。     

张力场对复合材料层板组合梁连接强度的影响

基于纯剪切方板后屈曲阶段边界受力分析,设计了考虑蒙皮支持刚度的复合材料"工"形层板组合梁试验件,采用对角拉伸加载方式,考察了腹板后屈曲张力场对层板组合梁连接强度的影响,并采用基于黏聚区模型的有限元方法对试验进行了仿真分析,研究了界面的失效过程与机理。研究表明:腹板后屈曲阶段形成的张力场在连接界面上产生附加的剥离载荷,使界面呈现Ⅰ/Ⅱ型复合受力状态,加速界面破坏;考虑蒙皮支持刚度的剪切试验在腹板发生失稳后使蒙皮产生法向变形,一定程度上减弱了界面剥离载荷的增加,梁结构的破坏载荷略有提高;试验的破坏模式表现为腹板的纤维压缩破坏和缘条-蒙皮界面的Ⅰ/Ⅱ型复合断裂;黏聚区模型能够很好地模拟复合材料界面的破坏,仿真与试验基本一致。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel by laser melting deposition

 Laser melting deposition was carried out to deposit a 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel bar on a wrought bar of same material. Room-temperature tensile properties of the hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel sample were evaluated, and microstructure, fracture surface morphology, and hardness profile were analyzed by an optical microscope (OM), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a hardness tester. Results show that the hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel sample consists of laser deposited zone, wrought substrate zone, and heat affected zone (HAZ) of the wrought substrate. The laser deposited zone has coarse columnar prior austenite grains and fine well-aligned dendritic structure, while the HAZ of the wrought substrate has equiaxed prior austenite grains which are notably finer than those in the wrought substrate zone. Besides, austenitic transformation mechanism of the HAZ of the wrought substrate is different from that of the laser deposited zone during the reheating period of the laser deposition, which determines the different prior austenite grain morphologies of the two zones. Microhardness values of both the laser deposited zone and the HAZ of the wrought substrate are higher than that of the wrought substrate zone. Tensile properties of the hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel sample are comparable to those of the wrought bar, and fracture occurs in the wrought substrate zone during the tensile test.     

基于坐标变换原理的最小区域法评定空间直线度误差

介绍了一种用基于坐标变换原理的最小区域法评定空间直线度误差的算法,并且给出了数学模型和计算实例.     

低温等离子体放电区长度对点火起爆的影响

为了研究低温等离子体放电区长度,即放电区间隙不变,体积大小对脉冲爆震发动机点火起爆的影响,以丙烷为燃料,空气和纯氧为氧化剂,充分考虑其详细的化学反应动力学机理,将低温等离子体放电区等效为高温高压火核,对放电区长度为20,40,60mm三种结构,利用Fluent软件,对点火起爆过程进行数值模拟,并进行对比分析.结果表明:将低温等离子体放电区等效为高温高压火核是可行的,能够得到完整的点火起爆过程;不同放电区长度,对初始火焰形成、火焰传播速度和缓燃转爆震(DDT)时间有很大影响,对爆震波峰值压力影响不大.      

Comparative study between crack closure model and Willenborg model for fatigue prediction under overload effects

A comparative study is performed between a crack closure model and the Willenborg model, which can calculate the fatigue crack growth rate under the overload effects. The modified virtual crack annealing (VCA) model is briefly reviewed, which is based on the equivalent plastic zone concept. In this method, the retardation phenomenon is explained by the crack closure level variation, which is derived from the interactions between forward and reverse plastic zones ahead of the crack tip. As a comparison, the Forman equation in conjunction with the Willenborg model is also reviewed. The retardation phenomenon is described by directly modifying the stress intensity factor. It is known that the large plastic zone created by the overload can decelerate the fatigue crack growth rate until the crack grows beyond this region. A relationship between the plastic zone and the modified stress intensity factor is developed, which is a mathematical fitting equation instead of physical-based formulation. The experimental data in aluminum alloys are used to val-idate these two models. Overall, good agreement is observed between the model predictions and the testing data. It is noted that the approach based on modified VCA model can give more accurate prediction curves than the Willenborg model.     

轻小型光纤陀螺抗干扰技术

轻小型光纤陀螺内部干扰严重影响了其正常工作.干扰可导致陀螺输出死区,产生周期性噪声和输出非线性等现象.抑制干扰对提升陀螺性能和环境适应能力有重要的意义.对干扰的形成机理进行了理论分析,并提出了一些抑制干扰的方案.