二维编织C／SiC复合材料高温拉伸性能研究

对二维编织C／SiC复合材料在1300℃高温氩气、湿氧环境下拉伸性能进行了实验,结合断口观察分析了其在拉伸载荷下的损伤和破坏机理。试验结果表明,二维编织C／SiC复合材料在高温氩气、湿氧环境下表现为非线性特征,通过对比发现,由于氧化作用,高温氩气环境下拉伸强度、破坏应变和比例极限均高于高温湿氧环境。断口观察表明,基体开裂、层间分层以及纤维和纤维束的断裂拔出是材料拉伸破坏的主要形式。     

氯气泄漏后毒害区域的估算及泄漏事故处置对策探讨

结合事故现场所能发生的情况,从氯气的理化性质、危险特性、毒性等方面入手,探讨氯气泄漏后的应急处置措施,力求为抢险救援人员进行事故应急处置提供基本技术支持。并对氯气泄漏后毒害区域的估算,预测了人员的安全疏散距离。     

干涉配合紧固件孔的弹塑性工程分析

本文根据厚壁筒概念,以平面应变、有限边界情况和理想塑性材料的假定,对铆接或螺接干涉配合紧固件孔边的应力场进行了弹塑性工程分析,给出了便于分析使用的计算弹性配合的极限干涉量,塑性配合的塑性区半径,弹、塑性区内的径向和周向应力分布等参数方程式,这些参数和参数方程式对紧固件孔的疲劳设计和生产工艺都具有十分重要的意义。 应用分析说明了铆距和耳片外边界半径对所得结果的影响,以及平面应变和理想塑性材料与平面应力和幕强化塑性材料假定对于孔边应力分布的影响。     

含共线分布多裂纹板的剩余强度

采用各向异性体平面弹性理论中的复势方法，应用保角映射技术和Faber级数展开，导出在任意载荷作用下多裂纹板应力场的级数解，引入当量屈服应力修正裂尖塑性区，并利用Swift韧带屈服准则建立舍共线分布多裂纹结构的剩余强度分析模型，计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。文中还讨论了各裂纹参数对结构剩余强度的影响。计算结果表明，本文以当量屈服应力代替材料屈服应力，避免了复杂的弹塑性分析，思路简单有效。便于工程应用。     

亚临界雷诺数细长体绕流流态随迎角的变化和分区

通过在北航1.2m水洞中利用染色液显示和激光片光技术的显示实验以及在西工大NF-3风洞中进行的表面测压实验,对拱形头部细长旋成体在无侧滑条件下的流场结构和流动特性随着迎角的变化进行了实验研究。在流动显示和测压结果分析的基础上,对迎角从0°到90°范围内绕细长体的流动进行了流态分区,即细长体绕流经历6种流态:极小迎角下(0°≤α≤3°)物面附着绕流流态、小迎角下(3°<α≤25°)背部对称旋涡流态、中等迎角下(25°<α≤40°)背部2个非对称旋涡流态、大迎角下(40°<α≤60°)的非对称多涡系复杂流态、特大迎角下(60°<α<75°)背部多个旋涡依次破裂的流态、极大迎角下(75°≤α≤90°)背部类卡门涡街(或随机尾迹)流态。阐述了不同区域的流动特性和气动特性。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel by laser melting deposition

 Laser melting deposition was carried out to deposit a 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel bar on a wrought bar of same material. Room-temperature tensile properties of the hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel sample were evaluated, and microstructure, fracture surface morphology, and hardness profile were analyzed by an optical microscope (OM), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a hardness tester. Results show that the hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel sample consists of laser deposited zone, wrought substrate zone, and heat affected zone (HAZ) of the wrought substrate. The laser deposited zone has coarse columnar prior austenite grains and fine well-aligned dendritic structure, while the HAZ of the wrought substrate has equiaxed prior austenite grains which are notably finer than those in the wrought substrate zone. Besides, austenitic transformation mechanism of the HAZ of the wrought substrate is different from that of the laser deposited zone during the reheating period of the laser deposition, which determines the different prior austenite grain morphologies of the two zones. Microhardness values of both the laser deposited zone and the HAZ of the wrought substrate are higher than that of the wrought substrate zone. Tensile properties of the hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel sample are comparable to those of the wrought bar, and fracture occurs in the wrought substrate zone during the tensile test.     

基于坐标变换原理的最小区域法评定空间直线度误差

介绍了一种用基于坐标变换原理的最小区域法评定空间直线度误差的算法,并且给出了数学模型和计算实例.     

轻小型光纤陀螺抗干扰技术

轻小型光纤陀螺内部干扰严重影响了其正常工作.干扰可导致陀螺输出死区,产生周期性噪声和输出非线性等现象.抑制干扰对提升陀螺性能和环境适应能力有重要的意义.对干扰的形成机理进行了理论分析,并提出了一些抑制干扰的方案.     

低温等离子体放电区长度对点火起爆的影响

为了研究低温等离子体放电区长度,即放电区间隙不变,体积大小对脉冲爆震发动机点火起爆的影响,以丙烷为燃料,空气和纯氧为氧化剂,充分考虑其详细的化学反应动力学机理,将低温等离子体放电区等效为高温高压火核,对放电区长度为20,40,60mm三种结构,利用Fluent软件,对点火起爆过程进行数值模拟,并进行对比分析.结果表明:将低温等离子体放电区等效为高温高压火核是可行的,能够得到完整的点火起爆过程;不同放电区长度,对初始火焰形成、火焰传播速度和缓燃转爆震(DDT)时间有很大影响,对爆震波峰值压力影响不大.      

Comparative study between crack closure model and Willenborg model for fatigue prediction under overload effects

A comparative study is performed between a crack closure model and the Willenborg model, which can calculate the fatigue crack growth rate under the overload effects. The modified virtual crack annealing (VCA) model is briefly reviewed, which is based on the equivalent plastic zone concept. In this method, the retardation phenomenon is explained by the crack closure level variation, which is derived from the interactions between forward and reverse plastic zones ahead of the crack tip. As a comparison, the Forman equation in conjunction with the Willenborg model is also reviewed. The retardation phenomenon is described by directly modifying the stress intensity factor. It is known that the large plastic zone created by the overload can decelerate the fatigue crack growth rate until the crack grows beyond this region. A relationship between the plastic zone and the modified stress intensity factor is developed, which is a mathematical fitting equation instead of physical-based formulation. The experimental data in aluminum alloys are used to val-idate these two models. Overall, good agreement is observed between the model predictions and the testing data. It is noted that the approach based on modified VCA model can give more accurate prediction curves than the Willenborg model.