入侵检测中拒绝服务攻击模式分析

基于特征的IDS为了检测到攻击,必须处理能与攻击表现相匹配的攻击描述,该过程可以简化为与网络报文部分匹配的模式描述,也可以复杂化为将多传感器输出映射到抽象攻击表现的状态机描述或神经网络描述。描述了入侵检测系统(IDS)中涉及的几个典型拒绝服务攻击(DoS)模式,对这些DoS攻击模式进行了详细的分析。DoS特征是书写检测特定攻击过滤器的必要知识,详细描述了这些DoS攻击的特征,并提出了抵御DoS攻击的一个应对措施———IDS。     

Composite profile of the Fe Kα spectral line emitted from a binary system of supermassive black holes

We used a model of a relativistic accretion disk around a supermassive black hole (SMBH), based on ray-tracing method in the Kerr metric, to study the variations of the composite Fe Kα line emitted from two accretion disks around SMBHs in a binary system. We assumed that the orbit of such a binary is approximately Keplerian, and simulated the composite line shapes for different orbital elements, accretion disk parameters and mass ratios of the components. The obtained results show that, if observed in the spectra of some SMBH binaries during their different orbital phases, such composite Fe Kα line profiles could be used to constrain the orbits and several properties of such SMBH binaries.     

Collisional profiles of ionized calcium perturbed by helium

The spectra of many cool DZ white dwarfs show extremely broad resonance lines of ionized calcium and magnesium in the optical and ultraviolet region. When the line center is strongly saturated, these wings may become a significant source of additional opacity in cool white dwarf atmospheres. The omission of this opacity results in systematic errors in the predicted flux distribution and hence in the effective temperatures and element abundances. In a continuation of Homeier et al. (2007) and Allard et al. (2012), where we presented absorption spectra of Na–He in cool white dwarfs, we extend this work to the Ca⁺–He system.     

X-ray timing beyond the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer

With its ability to look at bright galactic X-ray sources with sub-millisecond time resolution, the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) discovered that the X-ray emission from accreting compact stars shows quasi-periodic oscillations on the dynamical timescales of the strong field region. RXTE showed also that waveform fitting of the oscillations resulting from hot spots at the surface of rapidly rotating neutron stars constrain their masses and radii. These two breakthroughs suddenly opened up a new window on fundamental physics, by providing new insights on strong gravity and dense matter. Building upon the RXTE legacy, in the Cosmic Vision exercise, testing General Relativity in the strong field limit and constraining the equation of state of dense matter were recognized recently as key goals to be pursued in the ESA science program for the years 2015–2025. This in turn identified the need for a large (10 m² class) aperture X-ray observatory. In recognition of this need, the XEUS mission concept which has evolved into a single launch L2 formation flying mission will have a fast timing instrument in the focal plane. In this paper, I will outline the unique science that will be addressed with fast X-ray timing on XEUS.     

Clues on black hole feedback from simulated and observed X-ray properties of elliptical galaxies

The centers of elliptical galaxies host supermassive black holes that significantly affect the surrounding interstellar medium through feedback resulting from the accretion process. The evolution of this gas and of the nuclear emission during the galaxies’ lifetime has been studied recently with high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations. These included gas cooling and heating specific for an average AGN spectral energy distribution, a radiative efficiency declining at low mass accretion rates, and mechanical coupling between the hot gas and AGN winds. Here, we present a short summary of the observational properties resulting from the simulations, focussing on (1) the nuclear luminosity; (2) the global luminosity and temperature of the hot gas; (3) its temperature profile and X-ray brightness profile. These properties are compared with those of galaxies of the local universe, pointing out the successes of the adopted feedback and the needs for new input in the simulations.     

整体涡旋流对跨声速压气机Stage 67影响的定常数值仿真研究

为研究不同旋流强度的整体涡旋流畸变对跨声速压气机的影响,本文采用定常数值仿真的方法,基于一种整体涡旋流畸变发生器与Stage67跨声速压气机展开联合仿真研究。通过改变旋流畸变发生器叶片角度,可以模拟不同强度的整体涡旋流畸变流场,在不同旋流进气工况下得到了压气机的压比、效率特性曲线,并针对流场细节进行分析,研究其失速机理。结果表明：同向整体涡有效降低近失速点叶顶通道堵塞程度,使叶片流动损失减小,压气机稳定裕度扩大;反向整体涡加剧叶背气流流动分离程度,引起吸力面尾部低速区面积扩大,导致叶顶堵塞程度的显著加剧,通道流动损失增加明显,造成压气机稳定裕度下降。     

对直升机动力学的现状与发展的分析

对以旋翼动力学和飞行动力学为主体的直升机动力学研究进展回顾。主要讨论与飞行力学有关的旋翼气动力模型，旋翼结构动力学、气动弹性力学、飞行动力学模型与控制以及飞行操纵与品质等方面的进展，分析它们的现状，供有关直升机研究人员参考。     

全国内地非典型肺炎疫情自回归预报模型

利用时序分析方法研究从2003年4月27日开始卫生部办公厅发布的全国内地新增传染性非典型肺炎疫情报告，建立全国内地非典型肺炎疫情ARMAV预报模型，对模型进行适用性检验后，可以用所建模型对未来疫情进行外延预测。用时序分析方法进行监测、分析及预报，对非典型肺炎的疫情发展和关键影响因素等提供精度较高的预测结果。     

Equilibration Processes in the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium

The Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM) is thought to contribute about 40–50% to the baryonic budget at the present evolution stage of the universe. The observed large scale structure is likely to be due to gravitational growth of density fluctuations in the post-inflation era. The evolving cosmic web is governed by non-linear gravitational growth of the initially weak density fluctuations in the dark energy dominated cosmology. Non-linear structure formation, accretion and merging processes, star forming and AGN activity produce gas shocks in the WHIM. Shock waves are converting a fraction of the gravitation power to thermal and non-thermal emission of baryonic/leptonic matter. They provide the most likely way to power the luminous matter in the WHIM. The plasma shocks in the WHIM are expected to be collisionless. Collisionless shocks produce a highly non-equilibrium state with anisotropic temperatures and a large differences in ion and electron temperatures. We discuss the ion and electron heating by the collisionless shocks and then review the plasma processes responsible for the Coulomb equilibration and collisional ionisation equilibrium of oxygen ions in the WHIM. MHD-turbulence produced by the strong collisionless shocks could provide a sizeable non-thermal contribution to the observed Doppler parameter of the UV line spectra of the WHIM.     

大曲率弯道内湍流数值计算与测量

本文用k-ε两方程模型和激光多普勒测速仪研究了大曲率、小高宽比弯道内的湍流流动。实测发现湍流存在强烈的各向异性,最大时均速度u_(max)在25°截面后随θ角增大向外壁移动。计算发现用k-ε模型得到的时均速度u的结果与实验比较,在45°截面前,二者符合得很好,此后,存在较大误差。