Quasars and their emission lines as cosmological probes

Quasars are the most luminous sources in the Universe. They are currently observed out to redshift z≈7$z\approx 7$ when the Universe was less than one tenth of its present age. Since their discovery 50 years ago astronomers have dreamed of using them as standard candles. Unfortunately quasars cover a very large range (8 dex) of luminosity making them far from standard. We briefly review several methods that can potentially exploit quasars properties and allow us to obtain useful constraints on principal cosmological parameters. Using our 4D Eigenvector 1 formalism we have found a way to effectively isolate quasars radiating near the Eddington limit. If the Eddington ratio is known, under several assumptions it is possible to derive distance independent luminosities. We discuss the main statistical and systematic errors involved, and whether these “standard Eddington candles” can be actually used to constrain cosmological models.     

Comprehensive data reduction package for the Immersion GRating INfrared Spectrograph: IGRINS

We present a Python-based data reduction pipeline package (PLP) for the Immersion GRating INfrared Spectrograph (IGRINS), an instrument that covers the complete H- and K-bands in one exposure with a spectral resolving power of 40,000. The reduction steps carried out by the PLP include flat-fielding, background removal, order extraction, distortion correction, wavelength calibration, and telluric correction using spectra of A type standard stars. As the spectrograph has no moving parts, the PLP automatically reduces the data using predefined functions for the processes of order extraction, distortion correction, and wavelength calibration. Before the telluric correction of the target spectra, the intrinsic hydrogen absorption features of the standard A star are removed with a Gaussian fitting algorithm. The final result is the flux of the target as a function of wavelength. Users can customize the predefined functions for the extraction of the spectrum from the echellogram and adjust the parameters for the fitting functions for the spectra of celestial objects, using “fine-tuning” options, as necessary. Presently, the PLP produces the best results for point-source targets.     

一种跟随式大磁矩磁力矩器高反电势抑制技术

摘要： 提出一种可以实现大磁矩磁力矩器磁棒电流续流时间自动调节的控制方法,该方法既可以抑制大磁矩磁力矩器高反电势的产生,又无需增加功率器件为磁棒电流提供续流回路,大幅减小控制线路的体积及热设计难度,同时可以满足输出磁矩在小幅值内频繁变换方向的使用要求.     

脉冲调制在小型姿控推力器中的应用仿真

摘要： 针对采用推力器进行姿态控制过程中的姿态稳定度和燃料消耗优化问题,对脉冲调宽调频（PWPF）和伪速率脉冲（PSR）调制器进行详细介绍,分别对采用PWPF调制器和PSR调制器的姿控推力器姿态控制进行仿真分析,总结采用上述两种调制器的优缺点.以采用双时间常数的方法降低燃料消耗,加入一阶惯性滤波的方法降低系统噪声影响从而提高姿态控制稳定度,设计一种改进的脉冲调制器.通过仿真表明采用改进的脉冲调制器相比于采用PWPF调制器更节省燃料,且姿态稳定精度相当,相比于PSR调制器,改进的脉冲调制器显著提高了姿态稳定精度.     

一种针对金星探测器的姿态指向设计

摘要： 金星探测需要超长距离低码率传输,因而金星探测器需要保持其数传天线指向地球.相对于地球轨道飞行器来说,金星探测器距离太阳更近,需要固定散热面来维持探测器内的温度.提供一种基于在金星探测器偏置安装天线的姿态指向设计,能够保证从金星向地球传输数据并且维持散热面远离太阳.而此设计旨在减少数传天线的数量至一根同时将两个固定平面作为散热面.还提供两种详细方案来控制姿态机动来保证在数传天线始终指向地球的同时在特定节点切换散热面.     

Asymmetric precipitation in a coronal loop as explanation of a singular observed spectrum

Almost 10 years of solar submillimeter observations have shown new aspects of solar activity, such as the presence of rapid solar spikes associated with the launch of coronal mass ejections and an increasing submillimeter spectral component in flares. We analyse the singular microwave–submillimeter spectrum of an M class solar flare on 20 December, 2002. Flux density observations measured by Sun patrol telescopes and the Solar Submillimeter Telescope are used to build the radio spectrum, which is fitted using Ramaty’s code. At submillimeter frequencies the spectrum shows a component different from the microwave classical burst. The fitting is achieved proposing two homogeneous sources of emission. This theoretical fitting is in agreement with differential precipitation through a magnetically asymmetric loop or set of loops. From a coronal magnetic field model we infer an asymmetric magnetic structure at the flare location. The model proposed to quantify the differential precipitation rates due to the asymmetry results in a total precipitation ratio Q₂/Q₁≈10⁴–10⁵, where Q₁(Q₂) represents the total precipitation in the loop foot with the high (low) magnetic field intensity. This ratio agrees with the electron total number ratio of the two sources proposed to fit the radio spectrum.     

Driving major solar flares and eruptions: A review

This review focuses on the processes that energize and trigger M- and X-class solar flares and associated flux-rope destabilizations. Numerical modeling of specific solar regions is hampered by uncertain coronal-field reconstructions and by poorly understood magnetic reconnection; these limitations result in uncertain estimates of field topology, energy, and helicity. The primary advances in understanding field destabilizations therefore come from the combination of generic numerical experiments with interpretation of sets of observations. These suggest a critical role for the emergence of twisted flux ropes into pre-existing strong field for many, if not all, of the active regions that produce M- or X-class flares. The flux and internal twist of the emerging ropes appear to play as important a role in determining whether an eruption will develop predominantly as flare, confined eruption, or CME, as do the properties of the embedding field. Based on reviewed literature, I outline a scenario for major flares and eruptions that combines flux-rope emergence, mass draining, near-surface reconnection, and the interaction with the surrounding field. Whether deterministic forecasting is in principle possible remains to be seen: to date no reliable such forecasts can be made. Large-sample studies based on long-duration, comprehensive observations of active regions from their emergence through their flaring phase are needed to help us better understand these complex phenomena.     

不确定混沌系统的变论域直接自适应模糊滑模控制

提出了一种用于不确定混沌系统的变论域自学习模糊滑模控制方法.引入变论域自适应模糊控制器逼近滑模控制的等效控制,消除因系统不确定性及干扰导致的等效控制无法准确确定,同时使控制器设计不依赖被控对象的精确数学模型.基于李雅普诺夫函数给出规则参数调整的自适应率,并确定滑模切换控制项以保证闭环控制系统的稳定性.根据滑模控制原理给出4条模糊规则以平滑不连续控制,实现高烦抖振削弱.某Lorenz混沌系统控制仿真结果表明:该法对系统参数突变和外部干扰具强鲁棒性,同时削弱了抖振.     

航空机电系统技术发展综述

文中总结了国际航空机电系统技术研究现状,以美国为代表的国际先进飞机研发体系,将机电系统技术提升至与飞机平台技术并重的地位,将综合推进、能源与热管理技术列为核心技术领域,持续开展了MEA、INVENT、INPPAT、AVEM、NGT-PAC等一系列面向机电领域的重大技术专项和演示验证计划;梳理了系统架构综合化、能源利用多电化、能量管理高效化的机电系统技术发展趋势;展开了机电系统技术研发思考,提出了强化机电系统技术发展规律和需求认识、升级机电系统技术基础研究,和仿真验证能力是引领机电系统技术发展的2个关键方向。