中国下一代运载火箭结构技术发展方向与关键技术分析

结构是运载火箭的"脊梁",主要承担火箭发动机推力传递、燃料贮存等功能,并为有效载荷、控制、测量等系统及单机设备提供安装和保护。对国外运载火箭结构技术发展现状进行分析,结合未来我国运载火箭的研制发展需求,展望我国下一代运载火箭结构技术发展方向,提出支撑我国下一代运载火箭结构的关键技术,为我国运载火箭结构技术的发展路线探索和战略规划提供参考。     

空间站大机械臂锁合末端效应器设计及关键技术研究

论文首先对机械臂末端效应器的研究发展概况进行综述,对国内外典型的末端效应器的功能、技术指标、适应性特征进行综合对比分析;其次对大机械臂锁合末端效应器的结构组成、工作原理及特点进行介绍,并对其发展趋势进行分析;最后结合国内研制现状重点对锁合式末端效应器的关键技术进行研究分析。论文研究工作对于我国即将开展的空间站机械臂建设具有参考价值。     

Earth remote sensing as an effective tool for the development of advanced innovative educational technologies

Current educational system is facing a contradiction between the fundamentality of engineering education and the necessity of applied learning extension, which requires new methods of training to combine both academic and practical knowledge in balance. As a result there are a number of innovations being developed and implemented into the process of education aimed at optimizing the quality of the entire educational system. Among a wide range of innovative educational technologies there is an especially important subset of educational technologies which involve learning through hands-on scientific and technical projects. The purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation of educational technologies based on small satellites development as well as the usage of Earth remote sensing data acquired from these satellites. The increase in public attention to the education through Earth remote sensing is based on the concern that although there is a great progress in the development of new methods of Earth imagery and remote sensing data acquisition there is still a big question remaining open on practical applications of this kind of data. It is important to develop the new way of thinking for the new generation of people so they understand that they are the masters of their own planet and they are responsible for its state. They should desire and should be able to use a powerful set of tools based on modern and perspective Earth remote sensing. For example NASA sponsors “Classroom of the Future” project. The Universities Space Research Association in United States provides a mechanism through which US universities can cooperate effectively with one another, with the government, and with other organizations to further space science and technology, and to promote education in these areas. It also aims at understanding the Earth as a system and promoting the role of humankind in the destiny of their own planet. The Association has founded a Journal of Earth System Science Education. Authors describe an effective model of educational technology developed in the Center for Earth Remote Sensing of Bauman Moscow State Technical University and based on scientific and educational organizations integration in the field of applied studies. The paper also presents how students are being trained to acquire and process satellite imagery data from Terra and Aqua satellites. It also reveals the results of space monitoring for Russia's ecologically complex regions conducted by Bauman Moscow State Technical University students in cooperation with specialists from the Laboratory for Aerospace Methods of Moscow State University named after M. Lomonosov.     

光学遥感卫星微振动抑制方法及关键技术

针对光学遥感卫星面临的微振动对成像质量影响的问题,对微振动抑制设计方法和关键技术进行了论述。首先对动量轮、控制力矩陀螺、扫摆机构等主要扰动源的机理和特征进行分析,然后从传递路径设计、微振动源抑制、降低有效载荷敏感性三个方面介绍了微振动抑制方法,最后结合遥感卫星的研制过程给出了微振动抑制设计的实例。     

航空航天复合材料绿色化发展浅析

简述了航空航天复合材料绿色化技术的研究进展,包括复合材料的绿色化设计、绿色材料、绿色制造,以及回收再利用等技术,探讨了复合材料绿色化技术的发展前景。     

对接机构分系统研制

介绍了我国神舟八号飞船和天宫一号目标飞行器对接试验的对接机构分系统的组成、控制时序、设计方案,以及可靠性与安全性。给出了对接机构分系统研制中总体设计、动力学仿真、试验和关键部件研制等关键技术,以及整机特性测试、连接分离试验、热真空对接与分离试验、寿命试验等验证情况。回顾了对接机构分系统的研制过程。     

民用高速旋翼飞行器发展战略分析及关键技术展望

面向直升机高速化的发展趋势,总结了国外高速旋翼飞行器的发展历程,开展了高速旋翼飞行器与直升机、通航飞机、公路、铁路等交通运输工具的效能仿真对比,基于潜在的民用市场需求,综合分析了高速旋翼飞机器在交通运输系统和应急救援体系中的优势与劣势。结果表明,民用高速旋翼飞行器在中国具有明确的战略发展定位,一方面可作为交通体系干支通、全网联的重要节点,以突出的任务效能融入交通运输应用体系;另一方面,面向中远程应急救援的需要,可满足敏捷救援体系响应速度的需求,填补现有直升机应用领域的空白。最后,针对重点发展构型,展望了中国未来民用高速旋翼飞行器的关键技术。     

战术弹道导弹的防御及其关键技术

论述了以改进型防空导弹拦截战术弹道导弹以及建立未来战术弹道导弹防御(ATBM )系统必须解决的关键技术。介绍和分析了美国、俄罗斯战术弹道导弹防御体系的特点 ,认为战术弹道导弹的防御应该主要地依靠并发展地基拦截系统。     

Power from space: the policy challenge

The scientific community has long embraced the concept of globalized collaboration, recognizing that scientific inquiry knows no borders and that scientific theory transcends nationality. With respect to translating scientific and technological innovation into practical application, however, national, political, and ideological barriers suddenly arise. At a time when the worlds of economics and finance are rapidly globalizing, the world of applied science lags behind — despite increasingly urgent need for global energy solutions. In the context of considering space solar power (SSP) systems, the author contends that these solutions require new ways of determining costs and benefits; that scientific experts should seek active engagement in the policy arena; and that SSP's scientific community has a critical role to play in advocating for consideration of space-based energy solutions.     

航空发动机火焰筒矩形点焊换段修理技术研究

针对某型航空发动机火焰筒大修时出现的裂纹、烧伤及侵蚀问题,开展了火焰筒第4～6段换段修理工艺试验。通过分析火焰筒的结构,确定了用新段替换相应的故障段的方法对火焰筒进行修复。在拆分故障段时,尽量减小保留段壁厚的局部减薄量;在重新装配时,避免在原电阻焊点处再次焊接;通过采取以上工艺措施,实现了火焰筒的换段修理。同时进行了电阻焊焊接拉伸试验、撕破检查、金相组织检查等工艺验证试验。换段修理的火焰筒通过了发动机试车考核验证。换段工艺方法也可作为批生产过程中部分段制造有缺陷时的补救方案。