Relative fluxes of shock and prompt peaks in SEP event time profiles

Peak fluxes are an important property of gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) event time profiles from both astro/heliophysical and applications perspectives. However, the peak flux in an event may occur at the event onset, or at the time of the interplanetary shock arrival (the ESP or energetic storm particles). This makes an important difference in the interpretation of the peak flux, and in any attempts to characterize or model it. This paper describes a study of SEP data sets from ACE, IMP-8 and GOES toward determining the relative properties of these peak fluxes for protons with energies near 1, 10, and 50 MeV. The results suggest that for gradual events with both peaks, the ESP peak often dominates at 1 MeV energies and is dominant about half the time at 10 MeV. Moreover, the prompt peak fluxes can be used to estimate the shock peak (ESP event) up to days ahead, especially in the lower energy range.     

基于灰色关联度的电子商务交易额影响因素分析

随着互联网的快速普及,电子商务迅速崛起。电子商务的快速发展不仅改变了传统行业的格局,也颠覆了人们的思想。借助灰色关联度对影响我国电子商务交易额的相关因素进行分析,并结合当前电子商务发展形势提出有效提升电子商务额的相关措施。     

网络化语境中英汉交际语言的发展及其探讨

分析了网络化语境中英汉交际语言的产生与形式,指出了影响其发展的主要因素。同时就网络化语境中英汉交际语言的规范化问题及其发展前景进行了探讨。     

Internet2—未来的Internet

介绍了Internet2的发展、基本结构和网络互连等问题，描述了与Internet2紧密相关的gigaPoP的组成，说明了必须考虑的参数和约束条件，阐明了所要采用的路由和服务质量协议。     

Internet和数据库

Internet与数据库系统的连接除了常见的CGI以外，还可利用API和Java实现，各大数据库厂商亦有其不同的策略。换个角度，Internet本身就是一个硕大的分布式超媒体数据库，超链完整性的维护更是一个很重要的问题。     

IGMP V3协议研究与实现

针对IPV4下Windows 2000系统不支持指定源组播模型的问题,通过对3个版本IGMP（互联网组管理协议）的分析研究,采用原始套接字截获IGMP V3查询包,模拟生成组成员关系上报电文的方法,达到了欺骗交换机/路由器、维持其组成员关系的目的,解决了Windows 2000终端设备无法实现指定源组播通信的难题。仿真测试以及实际应用表明,这种方法完全可以应用于不支持IGMP V3协议的其他系统。     

CCSDS空间网络互联协议发展及启示

空间互联网将是由各种区域网构成的复杂异构网络,为了使其能够逐步实现自动化运行,网络效益得到最大程度的发挥,须做好网络互联的顶层规划与设计,并开发具体的标准技术.根据近年CCSDS (Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems,空间数据系统咨询委员会)发布的建议书,以及相关工作组的项目规划情况,介绍了SSI(Solar System Internetwork,太阳系互联网)体系结构、IPoC(IP over CCSDS space links,在CCSDS空间链路之上承载IP),以及DTN(Delay Tolerant Networking,容延迟网络)等标准项目.从CCSDS空间网络互联技术的发展历程不难得出结论:我国未来空间网络互联应注重区域网之间互联的顶层设计;区域网内部各子网之间的互联技术应选择以航天任务需求牵引为主;DTN将在区域网之间互联以及区域网从简单到复杂发展中都发挥重要作用.     

Propagation of interplanetary shocks into the Earth’s magnetosphere

This paper is devoted to the study of propagation of disturbances caused by interplanetary shocks (IPS) through the Earth’s magnetosphere. Using simultaneous observations of various fast forward shocks by different satellites in the solar wind, magnetosheath and magnetosphere from 1995 till 2002, we traced the interplanetary shocks into the Earth’s magnetosphere, we calculated the velocity of their propagation into the Earth’s magnetosphere and analyzed fronts of the disturbances. From the onset of disturbances at different satellites in the magnetosphere we obtained speed values ranging from 500 to 1300 km/s in the direction along the IP shock normal, that is in a general agreement with results of previous numerical MHD simulations. The paper discusses in detail a sequence of two events on November 9th, 2002. For the two cases we estimated the propagation speed of the IP shock caused disturbance between the dayside and nightside magnetosphere to be 590 km/s and 714–741 km/s, respectively. We partially attributed this increase to higher Alfven speed in the outer magnetosphere due to the compression of the magnetosphere as a consequence of the first event, and partially to the faster and stronger driving interplanetary shock. High-time resolution GOES magnetic field data revealed a complex structure of the compressional wave fronts at the dayside geosynchronous orbit during these events, with initial very steep parts (10 s). We discuss a few possible mechanisms of such steep front formation in the paper.     

激波在行星际介质中的能量耗散

导出激波下游介质相对上游介质能流通量增量公式,并由HeliosA,B飞船太阳风观测资料得出不同流速太阳风流中各参量随日心距的幂律变化。以此作为背景值分别计算出磁能、内能、动能和总能在不同日心距离处的能量耗散率。结果指出激波后介质以动能增加为主,内能次之,磁能最少;总能耗率在近日处较大,但下降较快。从0.3-1.0AU,不同强度激波总能耗随初始Alfvén激波数A₁₀增大而增大,对A₁₀从2.0-10.0的计算结果与观测值一致。      

基于Internet高校人才绩效评估系统的安全设计研究

高校人才绩效评估系统通过internet技术实现了评估的网络化、计算机化,然而系统的安全性是整个系统至关重要的因素,直接影响到绩效评估的结果。本文主要介绍了基于internet技术的高校人才绩效评估系统服务器的威胁和相应的安全设计方法。