Using GPS-TEC data to calibrate VTEC computed with the IRI model over Nigeria

This paper presents the development of a Total Electron Content (TEC) map for the Nigerian ionosphere. In this work, TEC measurements obtained from the AFRL-SCINDA GPS (Air Force Research Laboratory-Scintillation Network Decision Aid, Global Positioning System) equipment installed at Nsukka (6.87°N, 7.38°E) are used to adapt the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model for the Nigerian Ionosphere. The map is being developed as a computer program (implemented in the MATLAB programming language) that shows spatial and temporal representations of TEC for the Nigerian ionosphere. The method is aimed at showing how the IRI model can be used to estimate VTEC over wide areas by incorporating GPS measurements. This method is validated by using GPS VTEC data collected from a station in Ilorin (8.50°N, 4.55°E).     

Depth dose measurements with the Liulin-5 experiment inside the spherical phantom of the MATROSHKA-R project onboard the International Space Station

The Liulin-5 experiment is a part of the international project MATROSHKA-R on the Russian segment of the ISS, which uses a tissue-equivalent spherical phantom equipped with a set of radiation detectors. The objective of the MATROSHKA-R project is to provide depth dose distribution of the radiation field inside the sphere in order to get more information on the distribution of dose in a human body. Liulin-5 is a charged particle telescope using three silicon detectors. It measures time resolved energy deposition spectra, linear energy transfer (LET) spectra, particle flux, and absorbed doses of electrons, protons and heavy ions, simultaneously at three depths along the radius of the phantom. Measurements during the minimum of the solar activity in cycle 23 show that the average absorbed daily doses at 40 mm depth in the phantom are between 180 μGy/day and 220 μGy/day. The absorbed doses at 165 mm depth in the phantom decrease by a factor of 1.6–1.8 compared to the doses at 40 mm depth due to the self-shielding of the phantom from trapped protons. The average dose equivalent at 40 mm depth is 590 ± 32 μSV/day and the galactic cosmic rays (GCR) contribute at least 70% of the total dose equivalent at that depth. Shown is that due to the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) trapped protons asymmetry and the direction of Liulin-5 lowest shielding zone the dose rates on ascending and descending nodes in SAA are different. The data obtained are compared to data from other radiation detectors on ISS.     

高职院校招收外籍留学生的探索和实践

本文主要分析了高职院校招收外籍留学生的主要途径以及招生过程中遇到的困难,对高职院校招收留学生过程中如何确定目标生源,如何发挥自身优势,通过借力和发掘多种资源来实现有效招生等方面提出了一些看法和建议。     

中国国际收支及国际储备状况分析

20世纪90年代以来,中国的国际收支持续顺差,外汇储备已跃居世界第一位,至2007年外汇储备高达1.9万亿美元.通过国际收支平衡表,可以发现中国国际收支的结构特征和外汇储备的变动状况,以及发展趋势存在的问题,进而提出解决的建议.     

Global comparison of the model results of GSM TIP with IRI for summer conditions

This paper presents the results of the numerical calculations thermosphere/ionosphere parameters which were executed with using of the Global Self-consistent Model of the Thermosphere, Ionosphere and Protonosphere (GSM TIP)and comparison of these results with empirically-based model IRI-2001. Model GSM TIP was developed in West Department of IZMIRAN and solves self-consistently the time-dependent, 3-D coupled equations of the momentum, energy and continuity for neutral particles (O₂, N₂, O), ions (O⁺, H⁺), molecular ions (M⁺) and electrons and largescale eletric field of the dynamo and magnetospheric origin in the range of height from 80 km to 15 Earth’s radii. The empirically derived IRI model describes the E and F regions of the ionosphere in terms of location, time, solar activity and season. Its output provides a global specification not only of N_e but also on the ion and electron temperatures and the ion composition. These two models represent a unique set of capabilities that reflect major differences in along with a substantial approaches of the first-principles model and global database model for the mapping ionosphere parameters. We focus on global distribution of the N_e, T_i, T_e and TEC for the one moment UT and fixed altitudes: 110 km, h_mF2, 300 km and 1000 km. The calculations were executed with using of GSM TIP and IRI models for August 1999, moderate solar activity and quiet geomagnetic conditions. Results present as the global differences between the IRI and GSM TIP models predictions. The discrepancies between model results are discussed.     

Evaluation of the STORM model storm-time corrections for middle latitude

This paper presents results from the Storm-Time Ionospheric Correction Model (STORM) validation for selected Northern and Southern Hemisphere middle latitude locations. The created database incorporated 65 strong-to-severe geomagnetic storms, which occurred within the period 1995–2007. This validation included data from some ionospheric stations (e.g., Pruhonice, El Arenosillo) that were not considered in the development or previous validations of the model. Hourly values of the F2 layer critical frequency, foF2, measured for 5–7 days during the main and recovery phases of each selected storm were compared with the predicted IRI 2007 foF2 with the STORM model option activated. To perform a detailed comparison between observed values, medians and predicted foF2 values the correlation coefficient, the root-mean-square error (RMSE), and the percentage improvement were calculated. Results of the comparative analysis show that the STORM model captures more effectively the negative phases of the summer ionospheric storms, while electron density enhancement during winter storms and the changeover of the different storm phases is reproduced with less accuracy. The STORM model corrections are less efficient for lower-middle latitudes and severe geomagnetic storms.     

CCSDS无损数据压缩算法的实现与应用研究

无损数据压缩是航天应用和遥感系统的重要业务之一。对CCSDS(空间数据系统咨询委员会)推荐的数据无损压缩标准进行了分析研究,讨论了其推荐算法的基本原理和编码方法,然后基于DSP(数字信号处理器)实现了该算法并对代码进行了优化。实验结果表明,DSP实现的CCSDS标准的无损数据压缩算法的数据处理速率可达11Mbit/s,可用于那些不需要很高数据吞吐率的星上数据处理任务。最后讨论了CCSDS无损数据压缩标准是如何融入CCSDS体制的星载数据系统中的。     

星地无线电双向法时间比对计算模型及其误差评估

卫星导航定位系统测距的基础是测时,而定轨和定位的前提是各观测量的时间同步。因此,时间同步技术是卫星导航定位系统建设的关键技术基础之一。根据星地无线电双向法时间同步技术的基本原理,详细推导了其在地心惯性系中的基本计算模型,并以静止地球同步轨道卫星为例,分析了该计算模型中的距离改正项时延对星地间相对钟差的影响量级。     

国际空间站智能在轨运行进展及启示

空间站作为近地空间的大型平台,具备长期飞行与空间科学探索能力.随着在轨任务的不断增加,高效空间站在轨运行管理成为挑战性的难题.人工智能与航天技术的深度融合,使得空间站在轨运行逐步向智能化发展,航天器在轨运行智能化已成为必然趋势.本文对国际空间站(International Space Station,ISS)在轨智能化...     

LIPS-200离子推力器非预期电击穿特性的初步分析

离子推力器的非预期电击穿现象直接影响其工程应用的工作可靠性,基于地面寿命试验中比较完整的非预期电击穿事件基础数据,采用基础数据对比分析、威布尔模型统计分析、因果关联推断与分析等方法,对LIPS-200离子推力器在地面12000 h寿命试验中的非预期电击穿现象进行了初步研究,获得了平均击穿频次、击穿事件的时间分布、分类统...