What next for China in space after Shenzhou?

This article discusses China's ambitions in space now that it seems set to pursue human spaceflight. It suggests that, after sending its astronauts into space, completing orbital rendezvous-docking operations and placing a space lab in orbit, China will focus on the Moon with its Chang’e project. As an emerging space power, China will play a more active role in the international space community through collaboration in areas such as lunar exploration, science operations on the International Space Station, the Galileo Global Navigation Satellite System and the International Geosphere–Biosphere Program (IGBP). In particular, China will vigorously explore new opportunities to expand its cooperation with Russia and ESA to counteract Washington's attempt at containment. Meanwhile, Beijing will continue to follow its self-reliance principle to go its own way in space.     

基于无旋转原点的参考系转换方法及其计算

基于引入无旋转原点可以克服春分点的固有缺陷的特性,在分析GCRS (Geocentric Celestial Reference System,地心天球参考系)与ITRS(International Terrestrial Reference System,国际地球参考系)之间基于无旋转原点的转换过程基础上,计算了IERS(International Earth Rotation and reference systems Service,国际地球自转与参考系服务)1996、2003、2010等规范所推荐的3组转换参数的具体数值及其差异,并以太阳系10个天体为例进行了参考系转换计算.结果表明:IERS 2003、2010规范中推荐的2组转换参数间的差异较小,对坐标转换的影响在0.5 mas以内;IERS 1996规范中推荐的转换参数与另外2组转换参数间的差异较大,对坐标转换的影响在2.5 mas以内.基于无旋转原点转换和基于春分点的岁差章动转换2种方法间的差异对坐标转换的影响,在IERS 2003、2010规范中不超过5 μas,而在IERS 1996规范中由于未考虑框架偏差的影响导致差异较大.     

因子分析方法在商业银行经营效率评价中的应用

应用因子分析方法对我国13家商业银行的经营效率进行了实证研究，通过因子评分，测度了商业银行的经营效率，指出各商业银行由于内部控制能力不高和风险承担能力较低而导致经营效率不理想，各商业银行应努力优化资源配置和不断进行金融创新，以应对激烈的国内外竞争。     

DEA方法在中国民用机场评价中的应用研究

采用DEA对中国民用机场运行的相对有效性进行了评价。在国际上虽然少数人用DEA对民用机场运行做了评价．但因其采用的机场投入与产出指标不合适。使评价结果的准确性受到限制。本研究采用的机场投入与产出指标能正确反映实际，特别是使用财务指标作为输入。其评价结果对改善机场的运行业绩具有参考价值。     

民用飞机维修间隔优化调整方法研究

航空公司对服役后飞机的初始维修大纲进行优化调整,是为了在保证安全性与可靠性的同时降低维修成本,而优化调整的实施往往基于航空公司针对每个MRB维修任务所报告的服役数据来进行.为了提高服役数据的评估质量,在理论研究和大量工程实践的基础上,建立了相应的分析流程及计算模型,用以辅助维修任务时间间隔调整的决策.     

Don Pettit 国际空间站微重力流体实验与若干现象的解析

Don Pettit 是美国NASA 的资深宇航员, 2002 年11 月至2003 年5 月, 在国际空间站工作期间, 进行了一系列名为Saturday Morning Science的微重力实验. Don Pettit 实验揭示了微重力下一些令人惊奇的现象, 涉及流体力学、气泡动力学、晶体生长以及运动学的诸多基础问题, 是能够获得的国际空间站为数不多的微重力实验资料, 具有重要研究意义. 实验包括14 组流体实验和7 组力学实验, 而流体实验又大致分为水膜实验和水球实验, 包括大尺寸水膜制备、扩散和对流、Marangoni 对流、薄膜结晶、水球/气泡旋转等. 本文对Don Pettit 实验的流体部分进行了介绍, 并对其中的Marangoni对流和薄膜结晶实验现象进行了解析.      

Severe disruption of the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules in a human macrophageal cell line in microgravity—Results of an in vitro experiment on board of the Shenzhou-8 space mission

During spaceflight the immune system is one of the most affected systems of the human body. During the SIMBOX (Science in Microgravity Box) mission on Shenzhou-8, we investigated microgravity-associated long-term alterations in macrophageal cells, the most important effector cells of the immune system. We analyzed the effect of long-term microgravity on the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules. Human U937 cells were differentiated into a macrophageal phenotype and exposed to microgravity or 1g on a reference centrifuge on-orbit for 5 days. After on-orbit fixation, the samples were analyzed with immunocytochemical staining and confocal microscopy after landing. The unmanned Shenzhou-8 spacecraft was launched on board a Long March 2F (CZ-2F) rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC) and landed after a 17-day-mission. We found a severely disturbed actin cytoskeleton, disorganized tubulin and distinctly reduced expression of CD18, CD36 and MHC-II after the 5 days in microgravity. The disturbed cytoskeleton, the loss of surface receptors for bacteria recognition, the activation of T lymphocytes, the loss of an important scavenger receptor and of antigen-presenting molecules could represent a dysfunctional macrophage phenotype. This phenotype in microgravity would be not capable of migrating or recognizing and attacking pathogens, and it would no longer activate the specific immune system, which could be investigated in functional assays. Obviously, the results have to be interpreted with caution as the model system has some limitations and due to numerous technical and biological restrictions (e.g. 23 °C and no CO₂ supply during in-flight incubation). All parameter were carefully pre-tested on ground. Therefore, the experiment could be adapted to the experimental conditions available on Shenzhou-8.     

A new approach to the telescope operation method for satellite tracking using a time synchronization technique

For the development of a telescope that is capable of precisely tracking satellites and high-speed operation such as satellite laser ranging, a special method of telescope operation is required. This study aims to propose a new telescope operation method and system configuration for the independent development of a mount and an operation system which includes the host computer. Considering that the tracking of a satellite is performed in real time, communication and synchronization between the two independent subsystems are important. Therefore, this study applied the concept of time synchronization, which is used in various fields of industry, to the communication between the command computer and the mount. In this case, communication delays do not need to be considered in general, and it is possible to cope with data loss. Above all, when the mount is replaced in the future, only the general communication interface needs to be modified, and thus, it is not limited by replacement in terms of the overall system management. The performance of the telescope operation method developed in this study was verified by applying the method to the first mobile SLR system in Korea. This study is significant in that it proposed a new operation method and system configuration, to which the concept of time synchronization was applied, for the observation system that requires an optical telescope.     

民用飞机后机身与垂尾连接结构研究

民用飞机后机身与垂尾的连接,担负着将垂尾的载荷传递到机身上的重任,是民用飞机设计中的一个关键连接。该连接方案的选择,需要综合考虑传力路径、工艺性、损伤容限、维修性、重量、成本等多方面因素。对成熟机型和在研机型的对接方案进行了分析,总结出了三种主要连接方案,通过对比给出了不同方案的优缺点,能够为我国民用飞机后机身与垂尾的连接设计提供参考和借鉴。     

外国民用航空器在华生产的适航管理方法研究

剖析了欧洲和美国适航管理当局对境外生产设施的管理政策,结合我国规章对国外民用航空器在华生产的管理政策要求和执行中出现的问题进行了分析和研究,提出了"外国民用航空器在华生产项目管理路线图",可供我国今后修订和完善适航管理规章借鉴和参考。