加热器喷管热-流耦合传热分析

针对加热器喷管中复杂的气、固、液多相流动传热问题,建立了三维热流耦合换热计算模型,分别对燃气、冷却剂和喷管室壁建立不同的控制方程,将辐射热量作为源项加入到方程中,进行流动和传热的耦合计算.采用此方法对美国AEDC(Arnold Engineering Development Center)喷管的流动传热过程进行了计算,数值计算结果与试验结果吻合较好.在此基础上对某超燃冲压发动机试验台水冷式加热器喷管的换热问题进行了三维数值模拟,并定量分析了辐射换热对加热器喷管壁面温度分布的影响.结果表明:冷却水流量取2.0 kg/s时,加热器喷管气壁最高温度为660K,膜温度为430 K,加热器能可靠冷却,其热效率满足试验要求,对于含有H2O和CO2这样的高温燃气,辐射热量对喷管壁面温度分布有较大影响,必须引入到温度场的求解之中.     

冷气推进器流场仿真和分析

采用Fluent软件对火箭姿态控制系统小推力冷气推进器的内流场进行了数值仿真,得到了流场压力与马赫数的曲线图。气流在推进器控制口达到音速,通过控制口后加速并相互撞击产生激波,流束相对集中,超音速流经过激波变成亚音速流;亚音速流在直管段扩张达到超音速,在收缩段受压缩减速,流束集中后再次扩张加速,喷嘴喉部气流略大于音速,但喷嘴扩张段内没有激波,推进器工作状态正常。仿真结果与高模试验结果相吻合。     

不同锯齿对圆转矩形喷管红外辐射特征影响数值模拟

在考虑中心锥、波瓣混合器、火焰稳定器以及加力燃烧室筒体影响的条件下,将轴对称收扩喷管改型设计为圆转矩形基准喷管,进一步在喷管出口进行修型设计.并对不同锯齿喷管流动、换热与红外辐射特征进行了数值分析.得到如下结论:考虑高温部件后,喷管红外辐射强度的方向性特征更加明显;相比圆转矩形基准喷管,采用多个小尺寸锯齿时,射流高温区长度有一定缩短,采用单个大尺寸锯齿时,高温区长度进一步缩短,其正后方红外辐射强度降低;将轴对称收扩喷管改为圆转矩形喷管并加装锯齿后,强化尾喷流与外流掺混,降低其红外辐射强度的同时带来了一定的推力损失.     

冷却抑制二元收扩喷管红外特征的模型实验与数值研究

为研究二元收扩喷管排气系统的红外特征及其采取冷却措施后的红外抑制效果,设计了带有冷却结构的喷管实验模型,测量了3组实验状态下的喷管壁面温度和红外辐射强度分布,分析了喷管腔体内各部件的辐射贡献大小。研究结果表明:二元收扩喷管排气系统的积分辐射强度在0°方向上最大,并且随着角度的增大而减小;扩张板的壁面温度下降21.1%,侧壁的壁面温度下降26.6%,可使积分辐射强度降低11.5%~31.9%;在扩张段冷却的基础上,中心锥的壁面温度下降9%,可使积分辐射强度降低21.7%~38.9%。     

二元收扩喷管气动方案优化设计

为掌握二元收扩喷管气动特性和设计方法,通过数值模拟方法对采用超椭圆方程进行圆转方过渡的小宽高比二元收扩喷管进行研究。计算分析了喉道宽高比、圆转方段长度、收敛调节片长度及扩张调节片长度4个参数对二元收扩喷管气动性能的影响,通过对上述4个参数的优化得出了综合性能较优的二元收扩喷管气动方案。研究结果表明:经过适当优化,二元收扩喷管能够满足工程应用要求,同时,鉴于其在隐身和矢量推进等方面的优势,有必要对其开展更加深入地研究。     

某型涡轴发动机研制过程中尾喷管漏油机理分析

某型涡轴发动机在研制过程中屡次出现尾喷管漏油故障。在滑油系统原理分析的基础上,建立滑油泄漏故障树,对泄漏原因逐层剖析,并结合分解检查、零件计量等手段对发动机各相关部件和滑油泵进行详细分析,确定故障原因。针对影响因素,提出相应的整改措施。     

跨声速条件下轴对称收扩喷管内外流场的数值研究

采用有限体积法,二阶精度插值的Roe格式对三维流场N-S方程进行空间离散;采用LUSGS隐式时间推进法和多重网格技术加快计算收敛速度;采用不同湍流模型、壁面函数对轴对称喷管内外流场进行三维数值模拟.计算结果与实验数据对比表明,采用涡粘修正的RNG模型,内流场使用增强壁面函数,外流场使用标准壁面函数可以得到准确的计算结果.研究表明:在亚声速条件下,喷管外壁面压力分布随落压比的变化不大;超声速条件下,喷管外壁面激波随着落压比的增大前移.      

延伸喷管展开ADAMS动力学仿真

利用机械系统动力学仿真分析软件ADAMS进行延伸喷管展开动力学仿真,在已知延伸喷管结构尺寸、各部件质量特性、作动筒内压力及各种展开阻力的条件下,计算了延伸锥展开位移、速度和加速度。并与试验结果比较,两种结果接近。对计算结果分析得知,在保证展开时间满足要求的前提下,适当降低展开速度并尽可能匀速展开,可以减小展开过程中延伸锥与基础喷管之间的撞击力;为了保证展开可靠性,作动筒的展开力应有一定持续时间,尽量避免出现压力峰后压力突降。对固体火箭发动机延伸喷管设计与研究具有重要意义。     

Comprehensive optimization design of aerodynamic and electromagnetic scattering characteristics of serpentine nozzle

Comprehensive optimization design of serpentine nozzle with trapezoidal outlet was studied to improve its aerodynamic and electromagnetic scattering performance. Serpentine nozzles with different center offsets and different ratios of the bases of the trapezoidal outlet were generated based on curvature control regulation. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations have been conducted to obtain the flow field in the nozzle, and Forward-Backward Iterative Physical Optics (FBIPO) method was applied to study the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of the nozzle. Guarantee Convergence Particle Swarm Optimization (GCPSO) algorithm based on Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network was used to optimize the geometry of the nozzle in consideration of its aerodynamic and electromagnetic scattering characteristics. The results show that the GCPSO method based on RBF can be used to optimize the aerodynamic characteristics of the internal flow and the scattering characteristics of the cavity of the serpentine nozzle with irregular outlet. The optimized model has a higher center offset and a lower ratio of the bases of the trapezoidal outlet after optimization compared to the original model. The optimized model leads to a slight change in aerodynamic performance, with a total pressure recovery coefficient increase of 0.31% and a discharge coefficient increase of 0.41%. In addition, the Radar Cross Section (RCS) decreases also by around 83.33% and the overall performance is significantly improved, with a decrease of the optimized objective function by around 38.74%.     

Numerical study of a trapezoidal bypass dual throat nozzle

Bypass Dual Throat Nozzle (BDTN) is a novel type of fluidic thrust vectoring nozzle. To improve the infrared stealth performance of BDTN, a nozzle based on BDTN is proposed and numerically simulated. Each cross-section along the x-axis of the novel nozzle becomes a trapezoid, which is named “BDTN-TRA.” The main numerical simulation results show that BDTN-TRA can produce a thrust vectoring angle when the upper or lower bypass valve is open. The angle difference between the two conditions mentioned above is usually approximately 1°–2°. Even if the two bypasses are closed, BDTN-TRA can produce a small thrust vectoring angle at around 3°–5°. When the sidewall angle increases from 60° to 90°, the thrust coefficient and thrust vectoring angle under each work condition usually decrease. A larger aspect ratio indicates better performance. As the aspect ratio increases over 7.2, the performance of BDTN-TRA is quite close to that of BDTN with rectangular cross-sections at the same aspect ratio. These features will benefit the control and trimming for future aircraft design, especially for the flying wing layout aircraft. Last but not least, BDTN-TRA has a more extraordinary mixing performance compared with BDTN. The distributions of static temperature and axial velocity along the x-axis of BDTN-TRA with sidewall angle of 60° decrease faster than those of BDTN. When the total temperature of the inlet equals 1600 K, the static temperature difference between BDTN-TRA with sidewall angles of 60° and 90° is over 360 K at twice the length of the nozzle downstream of the nozzle exit, which is the reflection for excellent infrared stealth for the fighter.