星图匹配制导中的关键技术

为了提高新一代弹道导弹的快速、机动反击能力和射击精度，采用星光，惯性组合制导足最佳的选择。本论文给出了基于双星敏感器的、星图匹配制导系统的关键技术。提出了根据弹道设计导航星表．极大地简化了弹载星表；提出了一种适用于星光制导的凸多边形箅法，合理地减少了匹配的星对角距数目。这两项技术保证了星图匹配制导技术的实用性。提出了一种分离初始定位、定向误差及平台漂移误差方法。采用凸多边形的星图识别算法可同时获得多颗星的瞬时位置，结合恒星在像平面的位置可解算导弹在赤道惯性系和发射点惯性系的三轴姿态，最后，给出了导弹初始定位、定向误差的数学表达式。仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

组合导航系统初始对准的稳定性分析及其控制

针对INS/GPS组合导航系统的初始对准问题 ,对该组合系统的稳定性进行了理论分析和仿真研究。理论分析表明 ,该系统是稳定的 ;仿真结果说明 ,载体在外部周期激励作用下 ,如系统采样频率选择不当 ,状态变量的估计结果也出现周期性的振荡 ;如果是外部随机脉冲激励 ,状态变量的估计结果则呈现随机性。对于外部周期激励 ,采用改变采样频率或适当的线性状态反馈 ,可以较好的避免状态变量估计结果的振荡 ,满足对估计结果的精度要求。     

一种有摄初轨计算的单位矢量法

根据单位矢量法测轨原理，在人造卫星轨计算的单位矢量法（ＵＶＭ１）的基础上，给出了利用人造地球卫星观测资料测定有摄初轨的一种方法（ＰＵＶＭ１。本方法既适用于测角资料，也适用于测距资料和测速资料，以及这些没类型资料的和种组合；适用于任意偏心率，任意轨道倾角的人造地球卫生；有利于提高初轨测定精度，并改善整个计算过程的收敛性     

用箭遥数据计算三轴稳定卫星初始姿态

在卫星发射中,利用星箭分离时刻的火箭遥测数据来确定卫星在入轨时的初始姿态,是主动段测控任务中准实时工作很重要的一环。文中从初始姿态确定的原理入手,对数据的选取和坐标系的定义进行描述,并对计算方法和步骤进行了讨论。通过实际应用,指出应注意的事项。     

金属模板对复合材料层板固化过程中残余应力的影响

采用商业软件对带有铝板的复合材料层板固化全过程残余应力进行数值模拟计算。在固化瞬态温度场模拟中，采用有限差分法考虑固化动力学模型和热一化学模型强耦合的关系。在残余应力数值模拟中，化学收缩引起的应变在每一计算步以初始应变施加在复合材料结构上。基于以上技术，对带有铝合金的复合材料层板的固化全过程残余应力的进行分析，并分析了金属模板在分析中的作用。结果表明：金属模板改变了两种材料残余应力最大值的时刻；由于金属模板约束作用使带有铝板的复合材料层板在固化过程中承受更大的残余应力。     

Short-arc tracklet association for geostationary objects

Measurement association and initial orbit determination is a fundamental task when building up a database of space objects. This paper proposes an efficient and robust method to determine the orbit using the available information of two tracklets, i.e. their line-of-sights and their derivatives. The approach works with a boundary-value formulation to represent hypothesized orbital states and uses an optimization scheme to find the best fitting orbits. The method is assessed and compared to an initial-value formulation using a measurement set taken by the Zimmerwald Small Aperture Robotic Telescope of the Astronomical Institute at the University of Bern. False associations of closely spaced objects on similar orbits cannot be completely eliminated due to the short duration of the measurement arcs. However, the presented approach uses the available information optimally and the overall association performance and robustness is very promising. The boundary-value optimization takes only around 2% of computational time when compared to optimization approaches using an initial-value formulation. The full potential of the method in terms of run-time is additionally illustrated by comparing it to other published association methods.     

Dependence of creep age formability on initial temper of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy

The initial temper of the material may directly affect the whole creep age forming(CAF)process. In terms of creep deformation and stress relaxation, using the constant-stress creep aging and constant-strain stress relaxation aging tests, the relationship between initial temper and CAF formability is investigated for an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy at 165 °C for 18 h. Three tempers are selected as the initial tempers in CAF, viz., solution, retrogression and re-solution. The CAF formability of this alloy with initial temper of retrogression is the best, and the creep strain of the retrogression tempered specimen after creep aging of 18 h is about 1.21 and 1.34 times than that of the solution and the re-solution tempered specimens, respectively. The calculated stress exponents of this alloy with three initial tempers range from 7.3 to 9.5, indicating that the CAF of this alloy is mainly controlled by the dislocation creep. The various formability for three initial tempers are attributed to different inhibitions of the transgranular precipitates on the dislocation movement. For the retrogression temper, the initial fine and uniformly distributed precipitates are seriously coarsened after6 h of CAF, which minimally inhibit the dislocation movement. While, for the re-solution temper,the fine precipitates are re-precipitated in the matrix of the alloy, which observably hinder the dislocation movement and lead to the worst formability.     

On initial steps of chemical prebiotic evolution: Triggering autocatalytic reaction of oligomerization

Searching for extraterrestrial life attracts more and more attention. However this searching hardly can be effective without sufficiently universal concept of life origin, which incidentally tackles a problem of origin of life on the Earth. A concept of initial stages of life origin is stated in the paper. The concept eliminates key difficulties in the problem of life origin, and allows experimental verification of it. According to the concept the predecessor of living beings has to be sufficiently simple to provide non-zero probability of self-assembling during short (in geological or cosmic scale) time. In addition the predecessor has to be capable of autocatalysis, and further complication (evolution). A possible scenario of initial stage of life origin, which can be realized both on other planets, and inside experimental facility is considered. In the scope of the scenario a theoretical model of multivariate oligomeric autocatalyst is presented. Results of computer simulation of two versions of oligomeric autocatalytic reactions are presented. It is shown that the contribution of monomer activation reaction is essential, and in some cases autocatalysis in polymerizing reaction can be achieved without catalyzing proper monomer binding reaction.     

高速摄像系统用于火箭弹离轨参数测量方法研究

本文提出了高速摄像系统用于火箭弹离轨参数测量的方法，对设备布站方案、测量原理以及数据处理方法进行讨论，并给出了具体的参数计算公式。     

基于正逆向导航解算的捷联罗经动基座对准研究

针对基于正逆向导航解算的捷联罗经动基座对准实时性弱的问题,基于姿态补偿对准方法,采用一次性姿态补偿和接续姿态更新两种补偿方法设计了一种新的算法,并进行了仿真试验。通过仿真试验验证,全循环法和半循环法均能在同等参数和时间条件下提高对准精度,对比常规捷联罗经对准方法,缩短了对准时间。针对粗对准误差过大导致精对准时间延长的问题,提出了正逆向二级变参数配置方法,减少了对准时间。