Energy principle and material removal sequence optimization method in machining of aircraft monolithic parts

In the machining process of aircraft monolithic parts, the initial residual stress redistribution and structural stiffness evolution often lead to unexpected distortions. On the other hand, the stress redistribution and stiffness reduction during the machining process depend on the material removal sequence. The essence of the stress redistribution is releasing the initial elastic strain energy. In the present study, the influence of the material removal sequence on the energy release is studied. Moreover, a novel optimization method is proposed for the material removal sequence. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the mechanism of the machining distortion is firstly analyzed based on the energy principle. Then a calculative model for the machining distortion of long beam parts is established accordingly. Moreover, an energy parameter related to the bending distortion and the procedure of the material removal sequence optimization is defined. Finally, the bending distortion analysis and material removal sequence optimization are performed on a long beam with a Z-shaped cross-section. Furthermore, simulation and experiments are carried out. The obtained results indicate that the optimized sequence results in a low distortion fluctuation and decreases the bending distortion.     

用两颗GPS卫星确定低轨卫星轨道的初值方法

研究了用两颗全球定位系统（ＧＰＳ）卫星粗略确定低轨卫星轨道的问题,并着重讨论了其中的初值问题,给出了一种有效的初值方法。实验结果证明：这种方法能给出一个确定的、实用的初值,大大减少了初轨计算的计算量,并使得算法收敛更加有保障。在工程实用方面比传统的猜测方法具有较大的优势。     

论火工装置的抽样试验与可靠性评估问题

对航天器用的火工装置,提出运用序贯检验方法制定其抽样试验方案以及运用贝叶斯方法评定其可靠性的建议。算例表明,文章所提建议适用于解决小子样成败型产品的可靠性设计、试验和验证等问题,对节省产品研制经费有重要意义。     

弱撞击对接机构捕获系统运动空间研究

以弱撞击对接机构（LIDM）捕获系统的运动空间为研究对象,提出了影响运动空间的主要因素如驱动臂长度、转动副转角、结构框内径等对运动空间的限制。在此基础上,对捕获系统运动空间及其各截面进行了分析,并详细讨论了结构框内径对运动空间的影响,对LIDM的设计和优化具有重要意义。     

基于间接伴随法的大气层内高超声速飞行器最优上升轨迹研究

利用修正的无量纲因子,建立了适用于大气层内高速飞行器数值优化的数学模型。创新地采用欧氏空间中超立方体顶点坐标作为协状态初始值的方法解决了伴随方法的初始值估计难题,实现了间接伴随法在最优轨迹优化中的应用。完成并给出了该方法在真空状态和有空气动力存在的情况下轨迹优化结果,并在控制约束存在的前提下,对上升段轨线进行重规划,仿真结果表明,该方法快速、有效,且具有在线制导的应用潜力。     

初值不确定轨道可达区域计算

为计算航天器轨道初值不确定造成的可达区域（RD）,提出一种适用于椭圆参考轨道的计算方法。以航天器的名义轨道作为基线,定义一个随时间变化的移动参考平面,在此移动平面上建立名义轨道到可达区域上任一点的距离函数,函数的极大值点即为可达区包络的边界点,从而将问题转换为非线性方程组的求解问题,并对动力学模型部分线性化带来的误差进行了分析。随后采用变参数的自适应同伦算法对方程组进行求解。最后对航天器释放微小卫星的实例进行数值仿真,结果显示该方法可行有效。     

不同台阶高度下固体燃料超燃冲压发动机燃烧室初始型面变化规律

为了获得固体燃料超燃冲压发动机燃烧室初始型面和研究不同台阶高度下的初始型面的变化规律,将固体燃料燃面退移速率模型耦合到准一维流动方程中,发展了一种计算固体燃料超燃冲压发动机燃烧室性能的准一维数值计算方法。利用该方法,将燃空比和流场马赫数作为燃烧室性能的优化参数,得出了不同台阶高度下满足优化目标的燃烧室型面。根据所得的优化型面,归纳了型面参数随着台阶高度的变化规律。结果表明,随着台阶高度的增大,燃烧室的整体长度增大,等直段的长度增大,扩张段的扩张比减小,扩张段的长度减小。      

Feasibility of performing space surveillance tasks with a proposed space-based optical architecture

Under ESA contract an industrial consortium including Aboa Space Research Oy (ASRO), the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern (AIUB), and the Dutch National Aerospace Laboratory (NLR), proposed the observation concept, developed a suitable sensor architecture, and assessed the performance of a space-based optical (SBO) telescope in 2005. The goal of the SBO study was to analyse how the existing knowledge gap in the space debris population in the millimetre and centimetre regime may be closed by means of a passive optical instrument. The SBO instrument was requested to provide statistical information on the space debris population in terms of number of objects and size distribution. The SBO instrument was considered to be a cost-efficient with 20 cm aperture and 6° field-of-view and having flexible integration requirements. It should be possible to integrate the SBO instrument easily as a secondary payload on satellites launched into low-Earth orbits (LEO), or into geostationary orbit (GEO). Thus the selected mission concept only allowed for fix-mounted telescopes, and the pointing direction could be requested freely. Since 2007 ESA focuses space surveillance and tracking activities in the Space Situational Awareness (SSA) preparatory program. Ground-based radars and optical telescopes are studied for the build-up and maintenance of a catalogue of objects. In this paper we analyse how the proposed SBO architecture could contribute to the space surveillance tasks survey and tracking. We assume that the SBO instrumentation is placed into a circular sun-synchronous orbit at 800 km altitude. We discuss the observation conditions of objects at higher altitude, and select an orbit close to the terminator plane. A pointing of the sensor orthogonal to the orbital plane with optimal elevation slightly in positive direction (0° and +5°) is found optimal for accessing the entire GEO regime within one day, implying a very good coverage of controlled objects in GEO, too. Simulations using ESA’s Program for Radar and Optical Observation Forecasting (PROOF) in the version 2005 and a GEO reference population extracted from DISCOS revealed that the proposed pointing scenario provides low phase angles together with low angular velocities of the objects crossing the field-of-view. Radiometric simulations show that the optimal exposure time is 1–2 s, and that spherical objects in GEO with a diameter of below 1 m can be detected. The GEO population can be covered under proper illumination nearly completely, but seasonal drops of the coverage are possible. Subsequent observations of objects are on average at least every 1.5 days, not exceeding 3 days at maximum. A single observation arc spans 3° to 5° on average. Using a simulation environment that connects PROOF to AIUB’s program system CelMech we verify the consistency of the initial orbit determination for five selected test objects on subsequent days as a function of realistic astrometric noise levels. The initial orbit determination is possible. We define requirements for a correlator process essential for catalogue build-up and maintenance. Each single observation should provide an astrometric accuracy of at least 1”–1.5” so that the initially determined orbits are consistent within a few hundred kilometres for the semi-major axis, 0.01 for the eccentricity, and 0.1° for the inclination.     

战斗机机动平面控制研究

研究空战过程中攻防双方的机动平面控制问题。首先介绍了机动平面的控制目标是使得机动平面与瞄准平面重合或反向重合,然后推导了机动平面与瞄准平面的夹角,进而得到机动平面与瞄准平面重合的充要条件,给出了保证机动平面与瞄准平面重合、反向重合的控制指令,最后进行了数值仿真。仿真结果表明,所得控制指令能够实现对机动平面快速准确的控制。     

多冲量近圆轨道交会的部分变量瞄准法

交会对接是空间站任务中一项非常重要的技术。基于C—W方程,推导了用直角坐标和轨道根数描述的远程导引段多冲量变轨段策略的方程,同时给出了求解方程组的迭代算法。随着冲量的施加,剩下的变轨量不足以瞄准交会时刻目标的全部状态时,给出了瞄准部分变量的方法。通过算例验证发现,存在定轨误差的情况下,部分变量瞄准法能精确地瞄准任务所关心的变量。