Advanced fractal approach for unsupervised classification of SAR images

Unsupervised classification of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images is the alternative approach when no or minimum apriori information about the image is available. Therefore, an attempt has been made to develop an unsupervised classification scheme for SAR images based on textural information in present paper. For extraction of textural features two properties are used viz. fractal dimension D and Moran’s I. Using these indices an algorithm is proposed for contextual classification of SAR images. The novelty of the algorithm is that it implements the textural information available in SAR image with the help of two texture measures viz. D and I. For estimation of D, the Two Dimensional Variation Method (2DVM) has been revised and implemented whose performance is compared with another method, i.e., Triangular Prism Surface Area Method (TPSAM). It is also necessary to check the classification accuracy for various window sizes and optimize the window size for best classification. This exercise has been carried out to know the effect of window size on classification accuracy. The algorithm is applied on four SAR images of Hardwar region, India and classification accuracy has been computed. A comparison of the proposed algorithm using both fractal dimension estimation methods with the K-Means algorithm is discussed. The maximum overall classification accuracy with K-Means comes to be 53.26% whereas overall classification accuracy with proposed algorithm is 66.16% for TPSAM and 61.26% for 2DVM.     

民航卫星通信网可视通信图像压缩编码方法研究

对民航卫星通信网进行可视通信图像压缩编码方法进行了研究。通过在多媒体计算机上进行模拟实验表明,将视频信息及语音信息压缩为64kbps通过TES卫星网传输方案是可行的。     

高分影像辅助下的航空高光谱严密几何检校方法

 惯性测量单元(IMU)与传感器视准轴的偏心角和偏心矢量是造成航空线阵列高光谱数据几何校正误差的主要原因之一。在分析偏心角与偏心矢量误差来源之后提出该误差由IMU主轴与传感器主轴的角度偏差、测区固定偏差、GPS中心与传感器投影中心相对偏差组成,在此基础上建立了较为严密的检校模型。针对模型解算时需要大量高精度控制点的问题,提出了一种高分影像辅助下的亚像元精度控制点自动提取方法。通过多地区、多传感器高光谱航测实验表明,亚像元精度控制点能有效提高模型解算精度。新检校模型可获得亚像元校正精度,推扫式传感器——应用型机载成像光谱仪(AISA)建模中误差约为0.39个像元,摆扫式传感器——实用型模块化成像光谱仪(OMIS)建模中误差约为0.23个像元,校正后的影像可直接进行拼接。     

非对称喷管超声速流场的PIV实验与数值模拟

选取了跟随性能以及散射性能都上佳的二氧化钛粒子,利用了粒子图像测速仪(particle image velocimetry,PIV)对不同落压比下的非对称喷管(single expansion ramp nozzle,SERN)流场进行了测量,成功获取了相应流动结构,以及沿程上壁面压力分布和速度场等.在测得的图像中,可以清晰地观察到由于过膨胀产生的激波与膨胀波系,并进一步获得出口速度分布.运用计算流体动力学数值模拟方法,对实验状态下的非对称喷管进行了模拟.对比结果发现:PIV实验测得流场结构能很好地与其吻合,这互相验证了CFD计算和PIV实验的正确性及可靠性.      

一种相变热图的图像处理方法

相变热图技术中,为了得到风洞试验模型表面的热流分布,必须对相变热图序列进行相变线提取.首先通过特殊的时-空变换,将所有原始序列图像的直接分割转化为对少量合成图像的分割,在减小计算量的同时较好地解决了原始图像中由于相变区域模糊而难以分割的问题.同时,为了解决由于模型表面存在镜面反射造成的模型头部区域相变线提取不准确,引入镜面反射模型,并通过分割和参数求取过程的迭代执行计算出反射模型各参数,对合成图像进行整体性亮度补偿并最终得到良好的分割结果.最后根据提取出的相变线位置和材料相变温度,完成热流值的计算.通过比较表明本文结果更为准确合理,也验证了所提出分割方法的有效性,促进相变测温技术的广泛应用.     

Late Stages of Stellar Evolution

A large fraction of ISO observing time was used to study the late stages of stellar evolution. Many molecular and solid state features, including crystalline silicates and the rotational lines of water vapour, were detected for the first time in the spectra of (post-)Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars. Their analysis has greatly improved our knowledge of stellar atmospheres and circumstellar environments. A surprising number of objects, particularly young planetary nebulae with Wolf-Rayet (WR) central stars, were found to exhibit emission features in their ISO spectra that are characteristic of both oxygen-rich and carbon-rich dust species, while far-IR observations of the PDR around NGC 7027 led to the first detections of the rotational line spectra of CH and CH⁺. Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries: France, Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom), and with the participation of ISAS and NASA.     

基于视频图像处理的头部位置跟踪方法的探索

针对目前头盔显示器头部位置跟踪过程中存在瞄准速度不快,灵敏度不高,头盔重量偏大,只考虑头部位置,未考虑人眼在跟踪瞄准过程中的功能等问题,特提出一种基于人眼及头位综合视频检测高精度快速瞄准新方法,它采用基于视频图像处理方法来检测头部与飞机的夹角和注视方向相对头部的偏角。     

基于视觉引导着陆的微小型四旋翼设计及实现

为了增强四旋翼的自主性,借用视觉导航方法要求在GPS丢失信号或信号精度不高的情况下进行辅助定位,使得四旋翼能够在某些特殊需求场合自动着陆。针对Harris角点检测算法计算量大的问题,设计了一种快速、准确的标志图像识别算法,将一个区域内的所有角点转换成一个单值角点,替代了Harris算法中的局部非极大值抑制算法,减小了计算量,并进一步设计了视觉模式下的姿态与位置转换算法和视觉着陆控制算法。为了验证所设计算法的可行性和有效性,基于STM32单片机搭建了微型四旋翼实验平台系统,并实时在线进行了性能实验,结果表明,标志图像识别算法能正确检测和识别出标志图像,视觉着陆算法也成功实现了四旋翼实验平台的着陆功能。     

基于FCM聚类的示温漆图像分割算法

根据示温漆(TIP)图像特征及相关实验结果,提出了一种基于模糊C均值(FCM)聚类的示温漆图像分割算法。该算法以FCM聚类算法为核心,应用双边滤波器平滑图像,提高图像分割质量。通过颜色空间转换,提高图像聚类的迭代效率。实验表明:该算法增强了示温漆温度判读需要的特征信息,可以提取人眼无法识别的等温线,同时消除了等温线崎岖等现象,测温误差为±10℃。算法应用效果良好,满足工程要求,已用于示温漆自动判读软件开发。