空间相机上第二代红外探测器驱动电压供电电路设计

文章以空间相机应用为目的,在分析第二代红外探测器驱动电压与输出信号之间相关性的基础上,以某型号第二代红外探测器驱动电压供电电路设计为例,采用高稳定基准电压芯片和低噪声低频运算放大器作为核心器件,提出了以负反馈或电压跟随的电路形式稳定驱动电压供电的方案,并对该方案进行了仿真分析与实验验证.测试结果证实该方案可行有效,能满...     

CCD光斑质心算法的误差分析

文章建立了CCD噪声和像元尺寸对质心算法影响的误差模型.模型表明,当CCD上光斑的束腰ω<0.1个像元时,质心算法的误差大于0.28个像元;当束腰ω>0.5个像元时,像元尺寸对灰度质心算法的影响可忽略不计,影响质心算法的主要因素是CCD随机噪声误差.在ω>0.5个像元的前提下,光斑尺寸越小,质心算法的精度越高.实验与理...     

基于YOLOv5的红外目标检测算法

针对红外图像的特点,提出了一种YOLOv5-IF算法,使用了基于残差机制的特征提取网络,实现了不同特征层之间信息的高效交互,能够得到更丰富的目标语义信息。通过改进YOLOv5的检测方案,增加更大尺度的检测头,有效提升了红外图像中小目标的检测概率。针对计算平台资源有限、算法实时性等问题,设计了Detection Block模块,并由此构建了特征整合网络,该模块不仅能提升算法检测精度,还有效缩减了模型参数量。在FLIR红外自动驾驶数据集上,本文算法的平均准确率（mAP）为74%,参数量仅19.5MB,优于现有的算法。     

低温红外镜头星点检测数据处理方法研究

在实验室模拟低温真空环境对红外镜头进行星点检测时，不能在像面处直接测得星点光源的像，而是通过在焦面处放置反射镜使系统二次成像的方法测得二次成像的弥散斑大小。二次像斑尺寸的变化将能反映出由温度变化引起的被测镜头焦面处像斑尺寸的变化。通过理论推导得出一次像与二次像弥散斑大小的数学关系，并通过对不同尺寸星点光源、不同像质光学系统的仿真分析，得出星点检测法的检测精度与星点孔直径有关，而与镜头本身成像品质无关。     

The heart-shaped supernova remnant 3C 391 viewed in multi-bands

Using Chandra X-ray, Spitzer mid-IR, and 1.5 GHz radio data, we examine the spatial structure of SNR 3C 391. The X-ray surface brightness is generally anti-correlative with the IR and radio brightness. The multiband data clearly exhibit a heart-shaped morphology and show the multi-shell structure of the remnant. A previously unseen thin brace-like shell on the south detected at 24 μm is projected outside the radio border and confines the southern faint X-ray emission. The leading 24 μm knot on the SE boundary appears to be partly surrounded by soft X-ray emitting gas. The mid-IR emission is dominated by the contribution of the shocked dust grains, which may have been partly destroyed by sputtering.     

Infrared radiation signature of exhaust plume from solid propellants with different energy characteristics

The infrared radiation signature of the plume from solid propellants with different energy characteristics is not the same. Three kinds of double-base propellants of different energy characteristics are chosen to measure the infrared spectral radiance from 1000 cm 1 to 4500 cm 1 of their plumes. The radiative spectrum is obtained in the tests. The experimental results indicate that the infrared radiation of the plume is determined by the energy characteristics of the propellant. The radiative transfer calculation models of the exhaust plume for the solid propellants are established. By including the chemical reaction source term and the radiation source term into the energy equation, the plume field and the radiative transfer are solved in a coupled way. The calculated results are consistent with the experimental data, so the reliability of the models is confirmed. The temperature distribution and the extent of the afterburning of the plume are distinct for the propellants of different energy characteristics, therefore the plume radiation varies for different propellants. The temperature of the fluid cell in the plume will increase or decrease to some extent by the influence of the radiation term.     

The potential for radiometric retrievals of halocarbon concentrations from the MIPAS-E instrument

Halocarbons, such as CFC-11, CFC-12 and HCFC-22, are important trace gases in the atmosphere through their role as greenhouse gases and their influence on stratospheric ozone chemistry. This paper focuses on an initial study using integration of spectral radiance measurements from a spaceborne limb sounding Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) to retrieve these compounds in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). The instrument employed in this study is the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding onboard ENVISAT (MIPAS-E) which obtains spectral data in the altitude range of 6–68 km at an unapodized spectral resolution of 0.025 cm⁻¹. We have used optimal estimation techniques to retrieve vertical information for these compounds using a radiometric approach.

It is shown that significant retrieval information is obtained at up to five measured levels in the UTLS for CFC-11, up to six for CFC-12 and up to two levels for HCFC-22. An initial error analysis indicates significant sensitivity of our retrievals to variability in operationally retrieved pressure and temperature data. For each halocarbon, gain, offset and spectroscopic uncertainties generally each contribute less than 10% to the total error. Finally, tracer correlations are used to compare the datasets to equivalent relationships derived here from version 2 ATMOS data with very good agreements for CFC-12 but with more variability in the CFC-11 comparisons.     

红外精确制导系统对空中点目标的识别问题

利用目标本身辐射的红外能量,实现对运动目标状态的精确测量,是当前一种较为先进的精确制导技术。由于红外干扰及红外隐身技术的发展,在制导系统的分析设计中必须要考虑红外抗干扰的问题。本文主要讨论,当存在点源目标的干扰时,红外精确制导系统中实现目标识别和信息处理基本原则和步骤。     

Radiance calibration of CRISTA-NF

The CRISTA-NF instrument is the airborne version of the CRISTA satellite infrared limb sounder. It has been successfully flown on the Geophysica research airplane during a test campaign in July 2005, during the SCOUT-O3 Tropical Aircraft Campaign in November/December 2005 and during the AMMA campaign in August 2006. Radiance calibrations of the airborne instrument are more complex compared to the satellite instrument because the vacuum shell of CRISTA-NF is confined by a ZnSe (zinc–selenide) window and the detectors can thermally drift during measurement flights. By comprehensive radiance calibrations with a blackbody source the window’s emissivity and transmissivity are determined and the dependence of the instrument sensitivity on the detector temperature is characterized. Taking these effects into account, the remaining radiance error of the calibration is smaller than 3%.