月球探测器自主软着陆中的三维重构技术研究

为了使月球探测器自主的在月球表面进行软着陆，应对着陆区域的地形进行三维重构的方法，获得着陆区域的地形描述。提出了一种通过运动获得长基线的立体视觉的三维重构方法，针对长基线立体视觉方法所存在的问题，通过设计一系列的算法，完成了图像特征点选取和匹配，估计相机在不同位置的相对旋转和位移；对立体图像对进行校正，获得稠密的视差图；通过视差图进行三维重构，生成着陆区域的DEM。根据月球地形的特点建立了软件仿真平台，并且在仿真平台的基础上对文中的算法进行验证。仿真的结果表明该方法可以有效的应用于月面地形的三维重构。     

机翼滚摆非定常流场的PIV测量

对后掠角为 ８０°的三角翼模型在迎角为 α＝ ３５°时的自激滚摆（ｗ ｉｎｇ ｒｏｃｋ）非定常流场首次采用粒子图像测速仪 Ｐ Ｉ Ｖ（ Ｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅ Ｉｍ ａｇｅ Ｖｅｌｏｃｉｍ ｅｔｒｙ）进行瞬态全场速度场测量。对应的 Ｒｅ数为 Ｒｅ＝ １．０１ 和２１１ ×１０５ ，自激频率为３３ Ｈｚ 和３９ Ｈｚ，滚摆振幅为±２０°，测量截面为 Ｘ／ Ｌ ＝ ０．５２５ 和０７７５ 。每幅图像计有 １５１２８ 个速度矢，空间分辨率为０５ｍ ｍ 。图像采样频率１０ Ｈｚ。测量结果表明，不仅三角翼前缘涡在模型滚摆运动时相对翼面位置的迟滞特性、而且涡强的动态迟滞特性是引起和维持自激滚摆的主要原因。     

数字景象图的计算机模拟生成

数字景象图在飞行器末制导中起着关键作用。在特殊情形下，有必要用计算机模拟生成数字景象图。本文在分析数字景象图成象机理的基础上给出了一个基于数字高程图模拟生成数字景象图的框架，分别讨论了光照模型，大气模型，误差模型，坐标系和视点变换等关键步骤。文中给出了模拟生成的结果。     

基于哈特莱变换的快速图像模板匹配算法

去均值归一化模板互相关(ZNCC)是工程中应用最多的图像匹配算法,但过高的计算复杂度严重限制了其在实时系统中的应用.针对这一问题,提出了基于快速哈特莱变换的快速模板图像匹配算法,首先推导了该算法在哈特莱域的表达式,利用可分离的快速哈特莱变换对相关面进行高效率整体计算,然后在空间域对获取的相关面进行快速归一化处理和极值搜索,并通过空间换取时间和积分图的策略进一步加快算法的计算速度.对算法计算量的定量分析和仿真实验结果表明,算法计算效率高,并且可以完全重构,加速比与图像内容无关,综合性能全面优于现有算法,具有良好的工程应用前景.     

Comparison of calculation models for determination of the mesopause temperature using SATI images

The Spectral Airglow Temperature Imager is an instrument for ground-based spectroscopic measurements of the night-glow atmosphere emissions. This instrument was developed specially for gravity wave investigation. The measured airglow spectra are matched to synthetic spectra calculated in advance for determination of the temperature in the mesopause region where the radiation maximum of some О₂ emissions is situated. The synthetic spectra are transformed into a format which corresponds to the measured spectra in order to be matched. This transformation is based on the known values of the refractive index and the central wavelength of the interference filter used. A substantial part of the processing algorithms of the SATI images is connected with determination of these two filter parameters. The results of the original and newly-proposed algorithms for filter parameter calculation and their importance for the final results for temperature determination on the basis of the О₂ (864–868 nm) emission measurements are presented.     

Tracking characteristics of tracer particles for PIV measurements in supersonic flows

The tracking characteristics of tracer particles for particle image velocimetry (PIV) mea-surements in supersonic flows were investigated. The experimental tests were conducted at Mach number 4 in Multi-Mach Wind Tunnel (MMWT) of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The motion of tracer particles carried by the supersonic flow across shockwaves was theoretically modelled, and then their aerodynamic characteristics with compressibility and rarefaction effects were evalu-ated. According to the proposed selection criterion of tracer particles, the PIV measured results clearly identified that the shockwave amplitude is in good agreement with theory and Schlieren visu-alizations. For the tracer particles in nanoscales, their effective aerodynamic sizes in the diagnostic zone can be faithfully estimated to characterize the tracking capability and dispersity performance based on their relaxation motion across oblique shockwaves. On the other hand, the seeding system enabled the tracer particles well-controlled and repeatable dispersity against the storage and humidity.     

基于超像素与多尺度残差U-Net相结合的遥感图像飞机检测方法

遥感图像中存在飞机很小、角度和位置不确定且背景复杂等问题,从遥感图像中检测飞机是一项重要且具有挑战性的任务,因此,提出一种基于超像素与多尺度残差U-Net(Multi-scale Residual U-Net,MSRU-Net)相结合的遥感图像飞机检测方法。首先对遥感图像进行超像素预分割,将位置相邻且像素特征相似的像素点组成若干个超像素,保持图像进一步分割的有效特征;然后构建多尺度残差U-Net,学习其多尺度判别特征。与传统的飞机检测方法相比,该方法用少量的超像素代替大量像素表达图像特征,降低了图像分割的复杂度,再利用MSRU-Net分割遥感超像素图像,有效检测不同尺度的飞机图像。在公共飞机遥感图像数据集上实验,结果表明,该方法能够有效的检测遥感图像不同尺度的飞机图像,检测精确率达到91.2 %。     

An experimental method for squealer tip flow field considering relative casing motion

Squealer tip is widely used in turbines to reduce tip leakage loss. In typical turbine environment, the squealer tip leakage flow is affected by multiple factors such as the relative casing motion and the wide range of variable incidence angles. The development of experimental methods which can accurately model the real turbine environment and influencing factors is of great significance to study the squealer tip leakage flow mechanism. In the present paper, a low-speed turbine cascade test facility which can model the relative casing motion and wide range of variable incidence angles (−25° to 55°) is built. Based on the similarity criteria, a high-low speed similarity transformation method of the turbine cascade is established by considering the thickness of the turbine blade. A combined testing method of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and local pressure measurement is proposed to obtain the complex flow structures within the tip cavity. The results show that the experimental method can successfully model the relative casing motion and the wide range of variable incidence angles. The low-speed cascade obtained by the similarity transformation can model the high-speed flow accurately. The measurement technique developed can obtain the complex flow field and successfully capture the scraping vortex within the squealer tip.     

Automatic extraction of lineaments based on wavelet edge detection and aided tracking by hillshade

Lineaments refer to the linear or curvilinear textures on remote sensing image, whose general spatial distribution characteristics are often the response of deep geological sturcture at the surface. Firstly, we use wavelet modulus maximum transformation to detect the edges with 4 scales on Landsat – 8 OLI B5 image and analyze their multi-scale characteristics. As the result, it is determined that the optimal scale of edge detection is 4, and the outline that consist of the edge pixels is roughly corresponding to the geological structure of mine area. Thus the incomplete lineaments have been extracted by using the 2D otsu algorithm. Secondly, the hillshade map generated based on DEM is processed to generate binarized linear shadow. Finally, the linear shadow is superimposed on the lineaments preliminarily extracted to obtain the optimized lineaments. Experiment results show that, based on the method, there are some deformation and displacement between the lineaments extracted and the actual geological structure, and it fail to effectively extract Qilinchang Fault, but lineaments are in good correspondence with Kuangshanchang Fault, Dongtou Fault and Niulan River Fault, which are basically in accord with the geological structure framework of the mine area.     

空间光学遥感运动模糊仿真方法研究

空间光学遥感作为一个动态的成像过程,像物曝光时间内的相对运动必然会导致成像的模糊,因此在遥感成像链路仿真模型中必然要考虑运动模糊的影响。文章将运动类型分为线性运动和简谐运动两种,并且根据成像过程中器件积分时间和简谐运动周期的比值大小将简谐运动分成高频、低频不同情况来处理。文章指出严格意义上运动模糊具有空间移变的性质,最终根据积分时间同简谐运动的频率提出一种TDICCD运动模糊的仿真方法,可为后续全链路仿真提供参考。