星载TDI-CCD推扫相机的偏流角计算与补偿

在星载时间延迟积分电荷耦合器件(TDI-CCD)线阵推扫成像相机中,为使TDI-CCD线阵移动方向与目标像移方向一致,并实现光生电荷包转移速度与目标像移速度的匹配以确保成像质量,提出一种用卫星偏航控制实现相机偏流角补偿的方法。导出了星下点、方位偏移和俯仰偏移成像时相机偏流角,以及目标像移速度的解析计算公式,并对偏流角补偿进行了讨论。     

JPEG2000算术编码的研究及其FPGA设计

讨论JPEG2000标准中算术编码器的硬件实现问题,提出一种适合静止图像实时处理的FPGA设计,并对其作仿真验证。该设计使用VHDL语言进行描述,并以X ilinx VertexⅡ系列中的xc2v250-6 fg256器件为基础,在ise6.1完成综合,用Modelsim5.7进行后仿真。综合器件最高工作时钟103MHz。分析表明,该设计能满足JPEG2000框架下灰度图静态压缩的实时处理要求。     

CBERS-1红外遥感器图像处理系统设计

红外多光谱扫描仪（IRMSS）是中巴地球资源卫星（CBERS）上的重要有效载荷之一。其获取的红外图像可以在国民经济的各个领域得到广泛应用。但是由数传系统传回的图像数据不能直接用,必须经过相应的处理。文章介绍的内容就是如何设计一个处理系统,将这种不可直接用数据经过解码和图像格式的处理,得到可视图像;经过图像预处理,得到零级图像;经过相应的辐射校正处理,得到一级图像:经过几何校正处理,得到二级图像产品,提供给其它经济各部门加以应用。     

Distinguishing features of CCD astrometry of faint GEO objects

The problem of initial reduction of CCD observations of faint GEO objects is studied. Several difficulties and questions arising in connection with image processing for this kind of observations are mentioned. A natural way to apply the PSF fitting technique to line-shaped trails of stars or GEO objects is described and illustrated by its implementation in the Apex II astronomical image processing package. Logical filtering technique to improve the automatic object detection is proposed. These rather convenient and versatile methods can increase astrometric and, to a lesser degree, photometric accuracy of faint GEO object observations.     

ZJSMIS安防视频监控系统剖析与应用

在介绍了ZJSMIS安防视频监控系统的特点、组成及功能后,从视频压缩技术、操作系统、显示功能等方面对该系统进行了剖析,并通过实例分析了该系统的优势及应用情况。     

基于航空照相枪的数字暗盒设计

航空照相枪是一种安装在歼击机上的小型电影摄影机。传统照相枪主要存在判读环境受限制、判读准确度低、工作可靠性差、效率低等问题。设计了由百万像素CMOS图像传感器、大容量闪存FLASH和CPLD为主要部件组成的数字暗盒。使用基于CPLD状态机设计技术,4片闪存分时存储数据,实现无缓存无压缩实时存储,可以有效地提高判读效率、准确度问题,并使计算机自动判读成为可能。     

Construction of lunar DEMs based on reflectance modelling

Existing lunar DEMs obtained based on laser altimetry or photogrammetric image analysis are characterised by high large-scale accuracies while their lateral resolution is strongly limited by noise or interpolation artifacts. In contrast, image-based photometric surface reconstruction approaches reveal small-scale surface detail but become inaccurate on large spatial scales. The framework proposed in this study therefore combines photometric image information of high lateral resolution and DEM data of comparably low lateral resolution in order to obtain DEMs of high lateral resolution which are also accurate on large spatial scales. Our first approach combines an extended photoclinometry scheme and a shape from shading based method. A novel variational surface reconstruction method further increases the lateral resolution of the DEM such that it reaches that of the underlying images. We employ the Hapke IMSA and AMSA reflectance models with two different formulations of the single-particle scattering function, such that the single-scattering albedo of the surface particles and optionally the asymmetry parameter of the single-particle scattering function can be estimated pixel-wise. As our DEM construction methods require co-registered images, an illumination-independent image registration scheme is developed. An evaluation of our framework based on synthetic image data yields an average elevation accuracy of the constructed DEMs of better than 20 m as long as the correct reflectance model is assumed. When comparing our DEMs to LOLA single track data, absolute elevation accuracies around 30 m are obtained for test regions that cover an elevation range of several thousands of metres. The proposed illumination-independent image registration method yields subpixel accuracy even in the presence of 3D perspective distortions. The pixel-wise reflectance parameters estimated simultaneously with the DEM reflect compositional contrasts between different surface units. Specifically, the detected variations of the parameter of the single-particle scattering function indicate small-scale variations of the regolith particle size, possibly as a result of differences in soil maturity.     

车辙图像频域分析及星球车车轮滑转率估计方法

在月面环境下车轮滑转影响月球车的运动性能和定位精度,针对星球车车轮滑转率检测问题,提出一种基于车辙图像频域特征的滑转率估计方法。通过分析车轮与土壤相互作用过程与车辙形成机理,建立车辙的时域参数化解析模型。并在车辙构造时域解析模型基础上,通过对车辙图像进行频域分析,建立了基于车辙图像基频特征的车轮滑转率估计模型。此外,介绍了一种适用于该方法的车辙频域特征提取和图像处理技术。通过试验证明,该方法只需检测车辙图像基频便可以实现车轮滑转率非接触式精确估计。采用本方法估计车轮滑转率,相对精度可达3%。     

图像信息反馈的目标航天器跟踪控制方法

定义目标航天器图像形心与像平面中心为跟踪误差,并将该像平面误差直接引入跟踪控制闭环,提出一种增益切换的目标航天器跟踪PD控制律,在由推力器开关控制特性定义开关函数的基础上,给出PD控制器增益切换策略。由于直接使用目标航天器在像平面中的视觉特征误差量,避免了视觉相机内参数标定和目标航天器位姿信息求解等过程,简化了服务航天器的系统配置,同时控制器增益切换实现对测量误差、推力器偏差、转动惯量偏差以及干扰力矩等多种不确定性因素进行补偿,提高了跟踪控制系统稳定性及抗干扰性能。最后,基于Lyapunov稳定性理论给出控制器参数估算方法,并理论分析了增益切换PD控制律的收敛性,数学仿真表明该控制律能够对复杂机动目标以及考虑多种不确定性因素等情况进行快速跟踪,校验了视觉跟踪控制策略的有效性及对多类型不确定性的鲁棒性。     

一种摄录设备的检测方法研究

摄录设备小型化完成后,移植到不会造成人员伤亡的无人机上,应用在军事或高危领域。为避免拍摄失败,需要大量且周全的飞行前检查测试。介绍了某摄录设备的结构原理,论述了地面检测的环境方法,通过地面与空中视频图像的对比,验证了检测方法的合理性。