高超声速飞行器惯性/天文鲁棒组合导航方法

对于高超声速飞行而言,惯性/天文组合导航的应用将会面临异常值干扰和噪声特性变化等问题,需要控制天文量测中异常值扰动的影响,提高对于可靠量测信息的利用效率。为此,本文研究了一种基于平衡因子的组合导航方法,采用鲁棒滤波方法进行惯性/天文组合导航系统的量测更新,将自适应滤波技术引入到鲁棒滤波中,考虑到天文量测信息不同的噪声特性和水平,将自适应因子分解为姿态自适应因子和位置自适应因子,从而平衡状态预测信息和天文测量信息的贡献。仿真结果表明,本文方法可以显著提高高动态环境影响下的组合导航性能。     

Quadratic extended Kalman filter approach for GPS/INS integration

GPS/INS integration system has been widely applied for navigation due to their complementary characteristics. And the tightly coupled integration approach has the advantage over the loosely coupled approach by using the raw GPS measurements, but hence introduces the nonlinearity into the measurement equation of the Kalman filter. So the typical method for navigation using measurements of range or pseudorange is by linearizing the measurements in an extended Kalman filter (EKF). However, the modeling errors of the EKF will cause the bias and divergence problems especially under the situation that the low quality inertial devices are included. To solve this problem, a quadratic EKF approach by adding the second-order derivative information to retain some nonlinearities is proposed in this paper. Simulation results indicate that the nonlinear terms included in the filtering process have the great influence on the performance of integration, especially in the case that the low quality INS is used in the integrated system. Furthermore, a two-stage cascaded estimation method is used, which circumvents the difficulty of solving nonlinear equations and greatly decreases the computational complexity of the proposed approach, so the quadratic EKF approach proposed in this paper is of great value in practice.     

部分模糊度固定方法在GNSS/INS紧组合中的应用研究

针对动态环境下GNSS/INS导航定位模糊度固定难的问题,提出了一种基于部分模糊度固定的GNSS/INS紧组合导航定位算法,通过选择模糊度的最优子集进行固定,并利用实测车载实验进行了算法验证.实验结果表明:在开阔环境下,基于部分模糊度固定的GNSS/INS紧组合与基于全模糊度固定的GNSS/INS紧组合算法的定位精度相...     

基于置信度加权的组合导航数据融合算法

 针对联邦滤波融合算法中由于模型量测噪声统计特性未能被准确描述导致其子滤波器误差变大,进而导致联邦滤波估计出现偏差的问题,为了改进联邦滤波融合方法,将模糊自适应卡尔曼滤波方法和置信度加权方法与联邦滤波融合方法相结合,应用于组合导航系统。该方法首先将模糊自适应卡尔曼滤波方法应用于各子滤波器,使其能够跟踪真实量测噪声统计特性。然后通过模糊方法计算得到各子滤波器的置信度,进而得到联邦滤波器的置信度,再由得到的置信度对各子滤波器及联邦滤波器输出进行加权,得到最终的全局输出。对车载组合导航系统的仿真结果表明,这种算法对量测噪声具有较强的自适应性,能够抑制置信度低的子滤波器在融合系统中所占的权重,提高联邦滤波融合算法的精度,是一种可行的车载组合导航数据融合算法。     

INS／GPS／TERCOM组合制导系统中的信息融合方法研究

提出由坐标变换、误匹配检测和卡尔曼滤波三个单元构成的一种新型INS／GPS／TERCOM系统优化结构，并对INS／GPS／TERCOM组合系统自适应联邦滤波信息融合和分散式信息融合两种算法分别进行了研究，将这两种算法与传统的集中滤波算法进行了比较。结果表明，系统无故障情况下三种方法精度相同；而在有故障情况下自适应联邦融合法优于另两种方法。     

Novel attitude determination method by integration of electronic level meter,INS, and low-cost turntable for level attitude evaluation and calibration of INS

Attitude references are greatly needed for the evaluation and calibration of Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs), which are widely used in gravimeter, marine, and aeronautical navigation. High-accuracy turntable, INS, and Global Navigation Satellite System have been utilized to verify the performance of relatively low-accuracy INS. The accuracy requirement of the attitude reference continuously increases with the rapid improvement of inertial sensors and navigation algorithms. However, the cost of attitude determination system increases rapidly with the increase of attitude accuracy requirement. To solve this limitation, the integration of level meter, INS, and low-cost turntable is proposed to provide level attitude, such as roll and pitch. The turntable is utilized to rotate the INS. An integration model of the level meter and INS is built to estimate the level attitude and reduce the cost of the turntable. The proposed method successfully avoids the dependence on high-accuracy turntables. An observability degree analysis is conducted to improve the level attitude accuracy further. The simulation and turntable test results indicate that the proposed method can provide high-accuracy level attitude without high-accuracy INS or turntable and is applicable to error calibration and attitude evaluation of INS.     

基于场景检测的城市环境GNSS/INS组合定位方法研究

城市复杂环境下,采用GNSS/INS组合定位方法能有效提升GNSS信号部分或全部被遮挡情况下的车辆连续定位能力。GNSS信号受遮挡的程度具有随机性和突变性,给GNSS/INS组合算法的架构设计和参数设置带来了挑战。基于此,设计了一套基于场景检测的GNSS/INS组合定位策略与方法,提出了以多星GNSS观测量的八类特征为输入,利用支持向量机分类思想将定位场景分为室外开阔、室外遮挡和室内三种类型,并建立了与之相适应的组合滤波量测误差估计模型,进而实现了GNSS/INS组合定位。实测数据验证表明,提出的方法能够有效提升车辆组合定位精度。     

基于DKF的IMU误差预测算法

作为导航领域常用的组合导航方式,全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)/惯性导航系统(INS)组合导航在GNSS信号失锁后,由于惯性测量单元(IMU)误差随时间迅速积累,其定位结果会偏离载体真实位置,导航精度下降.针对此问题,提出了一种长短期记忆网络(LSTM)辅助的算法,称之为深度卡尔曼滤波(DKF)算法.DKF算法的核心思想是使用LSTM训练IMU误差模型,然后通过训练出的模型预测IMU误差,最后将预测的IMU误差代入IMU数据以校正导航结果.仿真结果表明:在200s测试数据上,DKF算法将误差从1.1537m/s降低到0.3746m/s.与平均预测、卡尔曼预测和最小二乘估计等方法相比,DKF算法的误差最小,具有更优越的导航性能.     

基于联邦滤波的多传感器管道定位方法CSCD

由低成本微惯性测量单元(MIMU)和里程轮组合的管道定位系统在里程轮出现打滑情况下,组合定位误差将快速发散。为解决里程轮打滑时量测信息失效的问题,采用光电测速传感器作为冗余测速传感器,利用联邦滤波对MIMU、里程轮和光电测速传感器多源信息进行融合,并基于预测残差设计了自适应信息分配因子,实现了不同特性传感器的最优融合。仿真实验结果表明,提出的多传感器管道定位方法可以降低里程轮打滑导致的管道定位误差,对于120m长的仿真管道,定位误差为管线长度的0.015%。     

惯导系统结构拓扑优化方法研究

针对惯导系统结构拓扑优化问题,提出了一种考虑多工况组合和等效边界处理的优化方法.以惯导系统结构件为研究对象,梳理了不同结构件的载荷工况;以刚度最大为 目标函数,以体积分数、结构频率和最大变形等作为约束条件,研究了变密度拓扑优化方法;以某惯导系统的盖板、惯性台体和外壳体3个结构件为例,进行了优化方法验证.结果表明,与传统设计相比,在满足系统刚度、频率及动态特性的前提下,优化后的3个结构件质量分别减小18.3％、22.6％和18.0％,整体质量减小18.7％,实现了惯导系统结构的轻量化设计.